Related papers: Understanding the electromagnetic 4-potential in t…
In this article we explore local Lorentz transformations in theories of gravity based on the teleparallel formalism. For the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), the spin connection plays no role in the equations of motion,…
The fundamental difference between the true transformations (TT) and the apparent transformations (AT) is explained. The TT refer to the same quantity, while the AT refer, e.g., to the same measurement in different inertial frames of…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently…
This article explores the differences between frame and coordinate transformations in relativistic theories. We highlight the key role of tetrad fields in connecting spacetime and frame indices. Using Maxwell's electrodynamics as an…
Contrary to the conventional view point of quantization that breaks the gauge symmetry, a gauge invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. Instead of fixing the gauge, some frame is chosen to yield the locally invariant…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
If potential energy is the timelike component of a four-vector, then there must be a corresponding spacelike part which would logically be called the potential momentum. The potential four-momentum consisting of the potential momentum and…
This paper resolves a persistent ambiguity regarding the covariant formulation of electrodynamics in a vacuum, as well as of Minkowski's electrodynamics of moving isotropic media. By analyzing a recent debate, we demonstrate that current…
A decomposition of the angular momentum of the classical electromagnetic field into orbital and spin components that is manifestly gauge invariant and general has been obtained. This is done by decomposing the electric field into its…
The new tetrads introduced previously for non-null electromagnetic fields in Einstein- Maxwell spacetimes enable a direct link to the local electromagnetic gauge group of transformations. Due to the peculiar elements in the construction of…
We extend the "gauge choice" problem Lamb noticed to include a time-dependent relativistic non-perturbative Coulomb field, which can be produced by a cluster of relativistic charged particles. If adiabatic conditions are carefully…
The Maxwell field equations relative to a uniformly accelerated frame, and the variational principle from which they are obtained, are formulated in terms of the technique of geometrical gauge invariant potentials. They refer to the…
The Poincar\'e (inhomogeneous Lorentz) group underlies special relativity. In these lectures a consistent formalism is developed allowing an appropriate gauging of the Poincar\'e group. The physical laws are formulated in terms of points,…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
We show that there exists a choice of gauge in which the electromagnetic 4-potential may be written as the difference of two 4-velocity vector fields describing the motion of a two-component space-filling relativistic fluid. Maxwell's…
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The…
We show that the well-known problem of frame dependence and violation of local Lorentz invariance in the usual formulation of $f(T)$ gravity is a consequence of neglecting the role of spin connection. We re-formulate $f(T)$ gravity…
A certain vector-tensor (VT) theory is revisited. It was proposed and analyzed as a theory of electromagnetism without the standard gauge invariance. Our attention is first focused on a detailed variational formulation of the theory, which…
When the electromagnetic potentials are expressed in the Coulomb gauge in terms of the electric and magnetic fields rather than the sources responsible for these fields they have a simple form that is non-local i.e. the potentials depend on…