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This paper presents a study of the Internet infrastructure in India from the point of view of censorship. First, we show that the current state of affairs---where each ISP implements its own content filters (nominally as per a governmental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Devashish Gosain , Anshika Agarwal , Sahil Shekhawat , H. B. Acharya , S. Chakravarty

The treatment of Internet traffic is increasingly affected by national policies that require the ISPs in a country to adopt common protocols or practices. Examples include government enforced censorship, wiretapping, and protocol deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-03-19 Josh Karlin , Stephanie Forrest , Jennifer Rexford

Heightened interest from nation states to perform content censorship make it evermore critical to identify the impact of censorship efforts on the Internet. We undertake a study of Internet architecture, capturing the state of Internet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Joshua Levett , Vassilios Vassilakis , Poonam Yadav

Undoubtedly, the Internet has become one of the most important conduits to information for the general public. Nonetheless, Internet access can be and has been limited systematically or blocked completely during political events in numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry

Decoy Routing, the use of routers (rather than end hosts) as proxies, is a new direction in anti-censorship research. Decoy Routers (DRs), placed in Autonomous Systems, proxy traffic from users; so the adversary, e.g., a censorious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Devashish Gosain , Anshika Agarwal , Sambuddho Chakravarty , H. B. Acharya

Almost all popular Internet services are hosted in a select set of countries, forcing other nations to rely on international connectivity to access them. We infer instances where traffic towards a large portion of a country is serviced by a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Alexander Gamero-Garrido , Esteban Carisimo , Shuai Hao , Bradley Huffaker , Alex C. Snoeren , Alberto Dainotti

The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Demétrio F. Boeira , Eder J. Scheid , Muriel F. Franco , Luciano Zembruzki , Lisandro Z. Granville

We study how the graph structure of the Internet at the Autonomous Systems (AS) level evolved during a decade. For each year of the period 2008-2017 we consider a snapshot of the AS graph and examine how many features related to structure,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Agostino Funel

Over the years, the Internet has democratized the flow of information. Unfortunately, in parallel, authoritarian regimes and other entities (such as ISPs) for their vested interests have curtailed this flow by partially or fully censoring…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-05 Zubair Nabi

Internet censorship is typically enforced by authorities to achieve information control for a certain group of Internet users. So far existing censorship studies have primarily focused on country-level characterization because (1) in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xiaoqin Liang , Guannan Liu , Lin Jin , Shuai Hao , Haining Wang

We model the Internet as a network of interconnected Autonomous Systems which self-organize under an absolute lack of centralized control. Our aim is to capture how the Internet evolves by reproducing the assembly that has led to its actual…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Angeles Serrano , Marian Boguna , Albert Diaz-Guilera

The dominant understanding of Internet censorship posits that blocking access to foreign-based websites creates isolated communities of Internet users. We question this discourse for its assumption that if given access people would use all…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-03-11 Harsh Taneja , Angela Xiao Wu

The internet's key points of global control lie in the hands of a few people, primarily private organizations based in the United States. These control points, as they exist today, raise structural risks to the global internet's long-term…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Nick Merrill

Online platforms have completely transformed American social life. They have democratized publication, overthrown old gatekeepers, and given ordinary Americans a fresh voice in politics. But the system is beginning to falter. Control over…

General Economics · Economics 2023-06-06 Gregory M. Dickinson

During the last three decades the Internet has experienced fascinating evolution, both exponential growth in traffic and rapid expansion in topology. The size of the Internet becomes enormous, yet the network is very `small' in the sense…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-03-31 Shi Zhou

One of the Internet's greatest strengths is the degree to which it facilitates access to any of its resources from users anywhere in the world. However, users in the developing world have complained of websites blocking their countries. We…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Sadia Afroz , Michael Carl Tschantz , Shaarif Sajid , Shoaib Asif Qazi , Mobin Javed , Vern Paxson

One of the primary ways in which India engages in online censorship is by ordering Internet Service Providers (ISPs) operating in its jurisdiction to block access to certain websites for its users. This paper reports the different…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Kushagra Singh , Gurshabad Grover , Varun Bansal

An increasing number of countries are passing laws that facilitate the mass surveillance of Internet traffic. In response, governments and citizens are increasingly paying attention to the countries that their Internet traffic traverses. In…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Anne Edmundson , Roya Ensafi , Nick Feamster , Jennifer Rexford

Cybersecurity is an issue of increasing concern since the events of September 11th. Many questions have been raised concerning the security of the Internet and the rest of the US's information infrastructure. This paper begins to examine…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Sean P. Gorman , Rajendra G. Kulkarni , Laurie A. Schintler , Roger R. Stough

Internet peering disputes have had an impact on the Internet AS-graph. As a result, the customers of the ASes often suffer because they cannot reach to the all of the Internet. There is a lack of study of the disputes that have taken place…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Siddharth Bafna , Avichal Pandey , Kshitiz Verma
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