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In this paper we argue for the fundamental importance of the value distribution: the distribution of the random return received by a reinforcement learning agent. This is in contrast to the common approach to reinforcement learning which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Marc G. Bellemare , Will Dabney , Rémi Munos

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has drawn increasing attention in practice, e.g., robotics and automatic driving, as it can explore optimal policies using samples generated by interacting with the environment. However, high reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Jifeng Hu , Yanchao Sun , Hechang Chen , Sili Huang , haiyin piao , Yi Chang , Lichao Sun

In this paper we investigate the properties of representations learned by deep reinforcement learning systems. Much of the early work on representations for reinforcement learning focused on designing fixed-basis architectures to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Han Wang , Erfan Miahi , Martha White , Marlos C. Machado , Zaheer Abbas , Raksha Kumaraswamy , Vincent Liu , Adam White

We introduce an exploration bonus for deep reinforcement learning methods that is easy to implement and adds minimal overhead to the computation performed. The bonus is the error of a neural network predicting features of the observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Yuri Burda , Harrison Edwards , Amos Storkey , Oleg Klimov

Explainable reinforcement learning allows artificial agents to explain their behavior in a human-like manner aiming at non-expert end-users. An efficient alternative of creating explanations is to use an introspection-based method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Angel Ayala , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes , Richard Dazeley

Recently, various auxiliary tasks have been proposed to accelerate representation learning and improve sample efficiency in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, existing auxiliary tasks do not take the characteristics of RL problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Guoqing Liu , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Jinhua Zhu , Jian Li , Nenghai Yu , Tie-Yan Liu

We introduce a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm called Deep Quality-Value (DQV) Learning. DQV uses temporal-difference learning to train a Value neural network and uses this network for training a second Quality-value…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-11 Matthia Sabatelli , Gilles Louppe , Pierre Geurts , Marco A. Wiering

We present DPIQN, a deep policy inference Q-network that targets multi-agent systems composed of controllable agents, collaborators, and opponents that interact with each other. We focus on one challenging issue in such systems---modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Zhang-Wei Hong , Shih-Yang Su , Tzu-Yun Shann , Yi-Hsiang Chang , Chun-Yi Lee

With the help of special neuromorphic hardware, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are expected to realize artificial intelligence (AI) with less energy consumption. It provides a promising energy-efficient way for realistic control tasks by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ding Chen , Peixi Peng , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

The deep reinforcement learning method usually requires a large number of training images and executing actions to obtain sufficient results. When it is extended a real-task in the real environment with an actual robot, the method will be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Daiki Kimura

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows agents to learn effective, return-maximizing policies from a static dataset. Three popular algorithms for offline RL are Conservative Q-Learning (CQL), Behavior Cloning (BC), and Decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Prajjwal Bhargava , Rohan Chitnis , Alborz Geramifard , Shagun Sodhani , Amy Zhang

We consider the problem of learning models for risk-sensitive reinforcement learning. We theoretically demonstrate that proper value equivalence, a method of learning models which can be used to plan optimally in the risk-neutral setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tyler Kastner , Murat A. Erdogdu , Amir-massoud Farahmand

In traditional reinforcement learning, an agent maximizes the reward collected during its interaction with the environment by approximating the optimal policy through the estimation of value functions. Typically, given a state s and action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Shangda Li , Selina Bing , Steven Yang

This paper introduces a novel architecture for reinforcement learning with deep neural networks designed to handle state and action spaces characterized by natural language, as found in text-based games. Termed a deep reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Ji He , Jianshu Chen , Xiaodong He , Jianfeng Gao , Lihong Li , Li Deng , Mari Ostendorf

Despite the great empirical success of deep reinforcement learning, its theoretical foundation is less well understood. In this work, we make the first attempt to theoretically understand the deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm (Mnih et al.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jianqing Fan , Zhaoran Wang , Yuchen Xie , Zhuoran Yang

Bias problems in the estimation of $Q$-values are a well-known obstacle that slows down convergence of $Q$-learning and actor-critic methods. One of the reasons of the success of modern RL algorithms is partially a direct or indirect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leif Döring , Benedikt Wille , Maximilian Birr , Mihail Bîrsan , Martin Slowik

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), which aims to learn an optimal policy using a previously collected static dataset, is an important paradigm of RL. Standard RL methods often perform poorly in this regime due to the function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhendong Wang , Jonathan J Hunt , Mingyuan Zhou

Inspired by recent work in attention models for image captioning and question answering, we present a soft attention model for the reinforcement learning domain. This model uses a soft, top-down attention mechanism to create a bottleneck in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alex Mott , Daniel Zoran , Mike Chrzanowski , Daan Wierstra , Danilo J. Rezende

In this work, we take a fresh look at some old and new algorithms for off-policy, return-based reinforcement learning. Expressing these in a common form, we derive a novel algorithm, Retrace($\lambda$), with three desired properties: (1) it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Rémi Munos , Tom Stepleton , Anna Harutyunyan , Marc G. Bellemare

Robust Reinforcement Learning (RRL) is a promising Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm aimed at training robust to uncertainty or disturbances models, making them more efficient for real-world applications. Following this paradigm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Anton Plaksin , Vitaly Kalev