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Decision trees have been a very popular class of predictive models for decades due to their interpretability and good performance on categorical features. However, they are not always robust and tend to overfit the data. Additionally, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Oktay Gunluk , Jayant Kalagnanam , Minhan Li , Matt Menickelly , Katya Scheinberg

In this paper, we provide algorithms to rank and unrank certain degree-restricted classes of Cayley trees (spanning trees of the n-vertex complete graph). Specifically, we consider classes of trees that have a given set of leaves or a fixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-13 Jeffrey B. Remmel , S. Gill Williamson

Dynamic trees are mixtures of tree structured belief networks. They solve some of the problems of fixed tree networks at the cost of making exact inference intractable. For this reason approximate methods such as sampling or mean field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Amos J. Storkey

We consider linear preferential attachment trees, and show that they can be regarded as random split trees in the sense of Devroye (1999), although with infinite potential branching. In particular, this applies to the random recursive tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-20 Svante Janson

We consider the problems of computing maximal palindromes and distinct palindromes in a trie. A trie is a natural generalization of a string, which can be seen as a single-path tree. There is a linear-time offline algorithm to compute…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Hiroki Shibata , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Takuya Mieno , Masakazu Ishihata , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Motivated by online recommendation systems, we study a family of random forests. The vertices of the forest are labeled by integers. Each non-positive integer $i\le 0$ is the root of a tree. Vertices labeled by positive integers $n \ge 1$…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Nicolas Broutin , Luc Devroye , Gabor Lugosi , Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira

The binary indexed tree, or Fenwick tree, is a data structure that can efficiently update values and calculate prefix sums in an array. It allows both of these operations to be performed in $O(\log_2 N)$ time. Here we present a novel data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Brent Harrison , Jason Necaise , Andrew Projansky , James D. Whitfield

The degree distribution of an ordered tree $T$ with $n$ nodes is $\vec{n} = (n_0,\ldots,n_{n-1})$, where $n_i$ is the number of nodes in $T$ with $i$ children. Let $\mathcal{N}(\vec{n})$ be the number of trees with degree distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Dekel Tsur

A string-like compact data structure for unlabelled rooted trees is given using 2n bits.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Julius D'souza

We introduce a model for the retrieval of information hidden in legal texts. These are typically organised in a hierarchical (tree) structure, which a reader interested in a given provision needs to explore down to the "deepest" level…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-17 Yanik-Pascal Förster , Alessia Annibale , Luca Gamberi , Evan Tzanis , Pierpaolo Vivo

A binary tanglegram is a pair <S,T> of binary trees whose leaf sets are in one-to-one correspondence; matching leaves are connected by inter-tree edges. For applications, for example in phylogenetics or software engineering, it is required…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-15 Martin Nöllenburg , Danny Holten , Markus Völker , Alexander Wolff

We give the first data structure for the problem of maintaining a dynamic set of n elements drawn from a partially ordered universe described by a tree. We define the Line-Leaf Tree, a linear-sized data structure that supports the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-05-03 Brent Heeringa , Marius Catalin Iordan , Louis Theran

We present an algorithm, called the Offset Tree, for learning to make decisions in situations where the payoff of only one choice is observed, rather than all choices. The algorithm reduces this setting to binary classification, allowing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Alina Beygelzimer , John Langford

We introduce the Random Access Zipper (RAZ), a simple, purely-functional data structure for editable sequences. A RAZ combines the structure of a zipper with that of a tree: like a zipper, edits at the cursor require constant time; by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Kyle Headley , Matthew A. Hammer

Assuming Zipf's Law to be accurate, we show that existing techniques for partially optimizing binary trees produce results that are approximately 10% worse than true optimal. We present a new approximate optimization technique that runs in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Matthew L. Ginsberg

Dynamic tree data structures maintain a forest while supporting insertion and deletion of edges and a broad set of queries in $O(\log n)$ time per operation. Such data structures are at the core of many modern algorithms. Recent work has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Humza Ikram , Andrew Brady , Daniel Anderson , Guy Blelloch

Decision trees are widely used for non-linear modeling, as they capture interactions between predictors while producing inherently interpretable models. Despite their popularity, performing inference on the non-linear fit remains largely…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Soham Bakshi , Snigdha Panigrahi

In the theoretical study of distributed communication networks, "history trees" are a discrete structure that naturally models the concept that anonymous agents become distinguishable upon receiving different sets of messages from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Giovanni Viglietta

Treemaps have been widely applied to the visualization of hierarchical data. A treemap takes a weighted tree and visualizes its leaves in a nested planar geometric shape, with sub-regions partitioned such that each sub-region has an area…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Mehdi Behroozi , Reyhaneh Mohammadi , Cody Dunne

We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-21 François Denis , Amaury Habrard , Rémi Gilleron , Marc Tommasi , Édouard Gilbert