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Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

Continuous variables (CV) offer a promising platform for the development of various applications, such as quantum communication, computing, and sensing, and CV graph states represent a family of powerful entangled resource states for all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Éloi Descamps , Damian Markham

Quantum computing promises to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for processing information in ways fundamentally different from today's classical computers, leading to unprecedented efficiency. One-way quantum computation, sometimes…

Quantum computing is usually associated with discrete quantum states and physical quantities possessing discrete eigenvalue spectrum. However, quantum computing in general is any computation accomplished by the exploitation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Samantha Buck , Robin Coleman , Hayk Sargsyan

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have established themselves as a central computational paradigm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. By coupling parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) with classical optimization, they…

The variational principle serves as a fundamental framework for describing equilibrium states of physical systems via the minimization or extremization of an energy-like functional. While quantum algorithms have demonstrated promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Katsuhiro Endo , Kazuaki Z. Takahashi

Much progress has been made in the field of quantum computing using continuous variables over the last couple of years. This includes the generation of extremely large entangled cluster states (10,000 modes, in fact) as well as a fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Kevin Marshall , Raphael Pooser , George Siopsis , Christian Weedbrook

We propose a quantum repeater for continuous variable (CV) quantum optical states. Our repeater relies on an error correction protocol for loss on CV states based on CV teleportation and entanglement distillation via noiseless linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-15 Josephine Dias , Tim Ralph

We delve into the use of photonic quantum computing to simulate quantum mechanics and extend its application towards quantum field theory. We develop and prove a method that leverages this form of Continuous-Variable Quantum Computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Steven Abel , Michael Spannowsky , Simon Williams

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

Digital signatures ensure the integrity of a classical message and the authenticity of its sender. Despite their far-reaching use in modern communication, currently used signature schemes rely on computational assumptions and will be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Matthew Thornton , Hannah Scott , Callum Croal , Natalia Korolkova

In this paper we provide a basic introduction of the core ideas and theories surrounding fault-tolerant quantum computation. These concepts underly the theoretical framework of large-scale quantum computation and communications and are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-18 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

Hybrid continuous-variable (CV)-discrete-variable (DV) quantum systems present a promising direction for quantum computing by combining the high dimensional encoding capabilities of qumodes with the control offered by DV qubits on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubdeep Mohapatra , Yuan Liu , Eddy Z. Zhang , Huiyang Zhou

Universal quantum computation encoded over continuous variables can be achieved via Gaussian measurements acting on entangled non-Gaussian states. However, due to the weakness of available nonlinearities, generally these states can only be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Oussama Houhou , Darren W. Moore , Sougato Bose , Alessandro Ferraro

We apply the methodology of optimal control theory to the problem of implementing quantum gates in continuous variable systems with quadratic Hamiltonians. We demonstrate that it is possible to define a fidelity measure for continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Rebing Wu , Raj Chakrabarti , Herschel Rabitz

In this paper we present a new unified theoretical framework that describes the full dynamics of quantum computation. Our formulation allows any questions pertaining to the physical behavior of a quantum computer to be framed, and in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gerald Gilbert , Michael Hamrick , F. Javier Thayer

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

We introduce fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC) - a model of universal quantum computation in which entangling measurements, called fusions, are performed on the qubits of small constant-sized entangled resource states. We introduce a…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami