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Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have masses of about 100 to 100,000 solar masses. They remain elusive. Observing IMBHs in present-day globular clusters (GCs) would validate a formation channel for seed black holes in the early…

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are those between 100 and 10$^5$ solar masses ($M_{\odot}$); their formation process is debated. One possible origin is the growth of less massive black holes (BHs) via mergers with stars and compact…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-12 Michiko S. Fujii , Long Wang , Ataru Tanikawa , Yutaka Hirai , Takayuki R. Saitoh

It has been assumed that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters can only reside in the most centrally concentrated clusters, with a so-called `core-collapsed' density profile. While this would be a natural guess, it is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Holger Baumgardt , Junichiro Makino , Piet Hut

There have been reports of possible detections of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs). Empirically, there exists a tight correlation between the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass and the mean velocity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Yu-Qing Lou , Yi-Hong Wu

Recent observations suggest the presence of supermassive black holes at the centers of many galaxies. The existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters has also been predicted. We focus on gravitational lensing as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-01 Takayuki Tatekawa , Yuuki Okamura

In many theoretical scenarios it is expected that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, with masses M ~ 100-10000 solar masses) reside at the centers of some globular clusters. However, observational evidence for their existence is limited.…

Observational searches for Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), defined to have masses between 30 and 300,000 solar masses, provide limits which allow up to ten percent of what is presently identified as halo dark matter to be in the form…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-22 Paul H. Frampton

The study of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is a young and promising field of research. Formed by runaway collisions of massive stars in young and dense stellar clusters, intermediate-mass black holes could still be present in the…

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) by definition have masses of $M_{\rm IMBH} \sim 10^{2-5}~M_\odot$, a range with few observational constraints. Finding IMBHs in globular star clusters (GCs) would validate a formation channel for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-08 J. M. Wrobel , T. J. Maccarone , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , K. E. Nyland

Observational evidence has been mounting for the existence of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs, 10^2-10^5 Msun), but observing them at all, much less constraining their masses, is very challenging. In one theorized formation channel,…

The existence of black holes (BHs) with masses in the range between stellar remnants and supermassive BHs has only recently become unambiguously established. GW190521, a gravitational wave signal detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration,…

This paper reviews the subject of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses between those of "stellar-mass" and "super-massive" black holes. The existence of IMBHs is a real possibility: they might plausibly have formed as remnants…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roeland P. van der Marel

Evidence has been mounting for the existence of black holes with masses from 10^2 to 10^4 M_Solar associated with stellar clusters. Such intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) will encounter other black holes in the dense cores of these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kayhan Gultekin , M. Coleman Miller , Douglas P. Hamilton

The existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) remains a crucial problem. Searching IMBHs in GCs reveals a discrepancy between radio observations and dynamical modelings: the upper mass limits constrained…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Mou-Yuan Sun , Ya-Ling Jin , Wei-Min Gu , Tong Liu , Da-Bin Lin , Ju-Fu Lu

A discussion of the entropy of the universe leads to the suggestion of very many intermediate-mass black holes between thirty and three hundred thousand solar masses in the halo. It is consistent with observations on wide binaries as well…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Paul H. Frampton

Observational searches for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), defined to have masses between 30 and 300,000 solar masses, provide limits which allow up to ten percent of what is presently identified as halo dark matter to be in the form…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-05-18 Paul H. Frampton

Nantais et al. used the Hubble Space Telescope to localize probable globular clusters (GCs) in M81, a spiral galaxy at a distance of 3.63 Mpc. Theory predicts that GCs can host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses M_BH \sim 100…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-06 J. M. Wrobel , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , M. J. Middleton

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses between roughly $10^2\,M_\odot$ and $10^5\,M_\odot$, represent a largely uncharted component of the black-hole (BH) population. They are theoretically predicted to form in several…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 R. Pascale , G. Battaglia

Decades after the first predictions of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) there is still no unambiguous observational evidence for their existence. The most promising signatures for IMBHs are found in the cores…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 Stefan Umbreit , Frederic A. Rasio

Theoretical models predict that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) exist in globular clusters (GCs), but observational evidence remains elusive. Millisecond pulsars (MSPs), which are abundant in GCs and have served as precise probes for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-15 Xian Chen , Verónica Vázquez-Aceves , Siyuan Chen , Kejia Lee , Yanjun Guo , Kuo Liu
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