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Image segmentation is the process of partitioning the image into significant regions easier to analyze. Nowadays, segmentation has become a necessity in many practical medical imaging methods as locating tumors and diseases. Hidden Markov…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-14 EL-Hachemi Guerrout , Samy Ait-Aoudia , Dominique Michelucci , Ramdane Mahiou

We explore a scaled spectral preconditioner for the efficient solution of sequences of symmetric and positive-definite linear systems. We design the scaled preconditioner not only as an approximation of the inverse of the linear system but…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Youssef Diouane , Selime Gürol , Oussama Mouhtal , Dominique Orban

Gradient Descent (GD) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) methods are among the most effective iterative algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems, particularly in machine learning and statistical modeling, where they are employed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Xianqi Jiao , Jia Liu , Zhiping Chen

This work investigates a variant of the conjugate gradient (CG) method and embeds it into the context of high-order finite-element schemes with fast matrix-free operator evaluation and cheap preconditioners like the matrix diagonal. Relying…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Martin Kronbichler , Dmytro Sashko , Peter Munch

The constrained gradient method (CGM) has recently been proposed to solve convex optimization and monotone variational inequality (VI) problems with general functional constraints. While existing literature has established convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Danqing Zhou , Hongmei Chen , Shiqian Ma , Junfeng Yang

Interior point methods solve small to medium sized problems to high accuracy in a reasonable amount of time. However, for larger problems as well as stochastic problems, one needs to use first-order methods such as stochastic gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-14 Reza Takapoui , Hamid Javadi

Latent variable models are powerful tools for modeling complex phenomena involving in particular partially observed data, unobserved variables or underlying complex unknown structures. Inference is often difficult due to the latent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Charlotte Baey , Maud Delattre , Estelle Kuhn , Jean-Benoist Leger , Sarah Lemler

Conjugate gradient (CG) methods are a class of important methods for solving linear equations and nonlinear optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a new stochastic CG algorithm with variance reduction and we prove its linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Xiao-Bo Jin , Xu-Yao Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Guang-Gang Geng

The preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms for solving large-scale linear systems Ax = b, where A is a symmetric positive definite matrix. Rather than computing residuals directly, it updates…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Thomas Bake , Erin Carson , Yuxin Ma

In this paper, we proposed a new technique, {\em variance controlled stochastic gradient} (VCSG), to improve the performance of the stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) algorithm. To avoid over-reducing the variance of gradient by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Jia Bi , Steve R. Gunn

We consider estimators obtained by iterates of the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm applied to the normal equation of prototypical statistical inverse problems. Stopping the CG algorithm early induces regularisation, and optimal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Laura Hucker , Markus Reiß

A structured preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) solver is developed for the Newton steps in second-order methods for a class of constrained network optimal control problems. Of specific interest are problems with discrete-time dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Armaghan Zafar , Michael Cantoni , Farhad Farokhi

The conjugate gradient (CG) method is widely used for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems because it requires less memory to implement. In this paper, we propose a new parameter of the Dai Liao conjugacy condition of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Ahmad Alhawarat

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods see many uses in optimization problems. Modifications to the algorithm, such as momentum-based SGD methods have been known to produce better results in certain cases. Much of this, however, is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Eric Lu

In this paper, we consider the composite optimization problem, where the objective function integrates a continuously differentiable loss function with a nonsmooth regularization term. Moreover, only the function values for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Shanglin Liu , Lei Wang , Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu

The Bayesian conjugate gradient method offers probabilistic solutions to linear systems but suffers from poor calibration, limiting its utility in uncertainty quantification tasks. Recent approaches leveraging postiterations to construct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Niall Vyas , Disha Hegde , Jon Cockayne

This paper presents an algorithmic framework for solving unconstrained stochastic optimization problems using only stochastic function evaluations. We employ central finite-difference based gradient estimation methods to approximate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Raghu Bollapragada , Cem Karamanli

(Mini-batch) Stochastic Gradient Descent is a popular optimization method which has been applied to many machine learning applications. But a rather high variance introduced by the stochastic gradient in each step may slow down the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Jingchang Liu , Linli Xu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of modern machine learning. Sometimes, there are many different potential gradient estimators that can be used. When so, choosing the one with the best tradeoff between cost and variance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

Variational inference is computationally challenging in models that contain both conjugate and non-conjugate terms. Methods specifically designed for conjugate models, even though computationally efficient, find it difficult to deal with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan , Wu Lin