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We consider the minimization of an objective function given access to unbiased estimates of its gradient through stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with constant step-size. While the detailed analysis was only performed for quadratic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-12 Aymeric Dieuleveut , Alain Durmus , Francis Bach

We present and analyze an algorithm for optimizing smooth and convex or strongly convex objectives using minibatch stochastic gradient estimates. The algorithm is optimal with respect to its dependence on both the minibatch size and minimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Blake Woodworth , Nathan Srebro

We analyze a fast incremental aggregated gradient method for optimizing nonconvex problems of the form $\min_x \sum_i f_i(x)$. Specifically, we analyze the SAGA algorithm within an Incremental First-order Oracle framework, and show that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Sashank J. Reddi , Suvrit Sra , Barnabas Poczos , Alex Smola

Variance reduction has been commonly used in stochastic optimization. It relies crucially on the assumption that the data set is finite. However, when the data are imputed with random noise as in data augmentation, the perturbed data set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Shuai Zheng , James T. Kwok

Recent advances in the theoretical understanding of SGD led to a formula for the optimal batch size minimizing the number of effective data passes, i.e., the number of iterations times the batch size. However, this formula is of no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Motasem Alfarra , Slavomir Hanzely , Alyazeed Albasyoni , Bernard Ghanem , Peter Richtarik

In this paper, we consider the problem of empirical risk minimization (ERM) of smooth, strongly convex loss functions using iterative gradient-based methods. A major goal of this literature has been to compare different algorithms, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Ali Jadbabaie , Anuran Makur , Devavrat Shah

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or stochastic approximation has been widely used in model training and stochastic optimization. While there is a huge literature on analyzing its convergence, inference on the obtained solutions from SGD…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-01 Henry Lam , Zitong Wang

An increasing number of machine learning problems, such as robust or adversarial variants of existing algorithms, require minimizing a loss function that is itself defined as a maximum. Carrying a loop of stochastic gradient ascent (SGA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Othmane Sebbouh , Marco Cuturi , Gabriel Peyré

In this work we introduce a new optimisation method called SAGA in the spirit of SAG, SDCA, MISO and SVRG, a set of recently proposed incremental gradient algorithms with fast linear convergence rates. SAGA improves on the theory behind SAG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Aaron Defazio , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

The goal of this paper is to accelerate the training of machine learning models, a critical challenge since the training of large-scale deep neural models can be computationally expensive. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuen Chen , Yian Wang , Hari Sundaram

Local SGD is a popular optimization method in distributed learning, often outperforming other algorithms in practice, including mini-batch SGD. Despite this success, theoretically proving the dominance of local SGD in settings with…

Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is a strong and widely used first-order adversarial attack, yet its computational cost scales poorly, as all training samples undergo identical iterative inner-loop optimization despite contributing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Youran Ye , Dejin Wang , Ajinkya Bhandare

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms of choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch regime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jorge Nocedal , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Ping Tak Peter Tang

We study the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms -- focusing on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) -- using a novel combination of PAC-Bayes and algorithmic stability. Importantly, our generalization bounds hold for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ben London

We propose the stochastic average gradient (SAG) method for optimizing the sum of a finite number of smooth convex functions. Like stochastic gradient (SG) methods, the SAG method's iteration cost is independent of the number of terms in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-12 Mark Schmidt , Nicolas Le Roux , Francis Bach

We study decentralized non-convex finite-sum minimization problems described over a network of nodes, where each node possesses a local batch of data samples. In this context, we analyze a single-timescale randomized incremental gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Ran Xin , Usman A. Khan , Soummya Kar

The performance of gradient-based optimization methods, such as standard gradient descent (GD), greatly depends on the choice of learning rate. However, it can require a non-trivial amount of user tuning effort to select an appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikola Surjanovic , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization algorithm plays a central role in a series of machine learning applications. The scientific literature provides a vast amount of upper error bounds for the SGD method. Much less attention…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

SAGRAD (Simulated Annealing GRADient), a Fortran 77 program for computing neural networks for classification using batch learning, is discussed. Neural network training in SAGRAD is based on a combination of simulated annealing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Javier Bernal , Jose Torres-Jimenez

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a workhorse in machine learning, yet its slow convergence can be a computational bottleneck. Variance reduction techniques such as SAG, SVRG and SAGA have been proposed to overcome this weakness,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-29 Thomas Hofmann , Aurelien Lucchi , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Brian McWilliams