English
Related papers

Related papers: Analyzing counterintuitive data

200 papers

PURPOSE: Clinical examinations are performed on the basis of necessity. However, our decisions to investigate and document are influenced by various other factors, such as workload and preconceptions. Data missingness patterns may contain…

Applications · Statistics 2019-12-19 Robert O'Shea

Major postoperative complications are devastating to surgical patients. Some of these complications are potentially preventable via early predictions based on intraoperative data. However, intraoperative data comprise long and fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Dingwen Li , Bing Xue , Christopher King , Bradley Fritz , Michael Avidan , Joanna Abraham , Chenyang Lu

Electronic health records are being increasingly used in medical research to answer more relevant and detailed clinical questions; however, they pose new and significant methodological challenges. For instance, observation times are likely…

Background: Major postoperative complications are associated with increased short and long-term mortality, increased healthcare cost, and adverse long-term consequences. The large amount of data contained in the electronic health record…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Meghan Brennan , Sahil Puri , Tezcan Ozrazgat-Baslanti , Rajendra Bhat , Zheng Feng , Petar Momcilovic , Xiaolin Li , Daisy Zhe Wang , Azra Bihorac

Predictions under interventions are estimates of what a person's risk of an outcome would be if they were to follow a particular treatment strategy, given their individual characteristics. Such predictions can give important input to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 Ruth H. Keogh , Nan van Geloven

Although increasingly used as a data resource for assembling cohorts, electronic health records (EHRs) pose many analytic challenges. In particular, a patient's health status influences when and what data are recorded, generating sampling…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-28 Yifei Sun , Charles E. McCulloch , Kieren A. Marr , Chiung-Yu Huang

Irregular longitudinal data with informative visit times arise when patients' visits are partly driven by concurrent disease outcomes. However, existing methods such as inverse intensity weighting (IIW), often overlook or have not…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-25 Sean Yiu , Li Su

Causally interpretable meta-analysis combines information from a collection of randomized controlled trials to estimate treatment effects in a target population in which experimentation may not be possible but covariate information can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-03 Jon A. Steingrimsson , David H. Barker , Ruofan Bie , Issa J. Dahabreh

We consider after-study statistical inference for sequentially designed experiments wherein multiple units are assigned treatments for multiple time points using treatment policies that adapt over time. Our goal is to provide inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Raaz Dwivedi , Katherine Tian , Sabina Tomkins , Predrag Klasnja , Susan Murphy , Devavrat Shah

Postoperative stroke remains a critical complication in elderly surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients, contributing to prolonged hospitalization, elevated healthcare costs, and increased mortality. Accurate early risk stratification…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-05 Tinghuan Li , Shuheng Chen , Junyi Fan , Elham Pishgar , Kamiar Alaei , Greg Placencia , Maryam Pishgar

We investigate the efficacy of surgical versus non-surgical management for two gastrointestinal conditions, colitis and diverticulitis, using observational data. We deploy an instrumental variable design with surgeons' tendencies to operate…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-11 Colin B. Fogarty , Kwonsang Lee , Rachel R. Kelz , Luke J. Keele

Contrastive explanations, where one decision is explained in contrast to another, are supposed to be closer to how humans explain a decision than non-contrastive explanations, where the decision is not necessarily referenced to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Oliver Eberle , Ilias Chalkidis , Laura Cabello , Stephanie Brandl

Healthcare professionals have long envisioned using the enormous processing powers of computers to discover new facts and medical knowledge locked inside electronic health records. These vast medical archives contain time-resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Ahmed Allam , Matthias Dittberner , Anna Sintsova , Dominique Brodbeck , Michael Krauthammer

We study the identification and estimation of long-term treatment effects when both experimental and observational data are available. Since the long-term outcome is observed only after a long delay, it is not measured in the experimental…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-04 Guido Imbens , Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Yuhao Wang

We address the problem of integrating data from multiple, possibly biased, observational and interventional studies, to eventually compute counterfactuals in structural causal models. We start from the case of a single observational dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , David Huber , Rafael Cabañas

Motivated by an observational study of the effect of hospital ward versus intensive care unit admission on severe sepsis mortality, we develop methods to address two common problems in observational studies: (1) when there is a lack of…

Applications · Statistics 2015-08-13 Colin B. Fogarty , Mark E. Mikkelsen , David F. Gaieski , Dylan S. Small

Longitudinal observational databases have become a recent interest in the post marketing drug surveillance community due to their ability of presenting a new perspective for detecting negative side effects. Algorithms mining longitudinal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-08 Jenna Reps , Jonathan M. Garibaldi , Uwe Aickelin , Daniele Soria , Jack E. Gibson , Richard B. Hubbard

Passively collected behavioral health data from ubiquitous sensors holds significant promise to provide mental health professionals insights from patient's daily lives; however, developing analysis tools to use this data in clinical…

Counterfactual prediction is about predicting outcome of the unobserved situation from the data. For example, given patient is on drug A, what would be the outcome if she switch to drug B. Most of existing works focus on modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Yanbo Xu , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

Causal inference in longitudinal biomedical data remains a central challenge, especially in psychiatry, where symptom heterogeneity and latent confounding frequently undermine classical estimators. Most existing methods for treatment effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Eric V. Strobl