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We provide a unifying framework linking two classes of statistics used in two-sample and independence testing: on the one hand, the energy distances and distance covariances from the statistics literature; on the other, maximum mean…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-13 Dino Sejdinovic , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Arthur Gretton , Kenji Fukumizu

Testing the equality of two conditional distributions is crucial in various modern applications, including transfer learning and causal inference. Despite its importance, this fundamental problem has received surprisingly little attention…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-04 Jian Yan , Zhuoxi Li , Xianyang Zhang

We provide a unifying framework linking two classes of statistics used in two-sample and independence testing: on the one hand, the energy distances and distance covariances from the statistics literature; on the other, distances between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Dino Sejdinovic , Arthur Gretton , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Kenji Fukumizu

Measuring conditional independence is one of the important tasks in statistical inference and is fundamental in causal discovery, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, Bayesian network learning, and others. In this work, we explore…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Tianhong Sheng , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

Spherical and hyperspherical data are commonly encountered in diverse applied research domains, underscoring the vital task of assessing independence within such data structures. In this context, we investigate the properties of test…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-23 Marija Cuparić , Bruno Ebner , Bojana Milošević

Representing, comparing, and measuring the distance between probability distributions is a key task in computational statistics and machine learning. The choice of representation and the associated distance determine properties of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-26 Masha Naslidnyk

Starting with a similarity function between objects, it is possible to define a distance metric on pairs of objects, and more generally on probability distributions over them. These distance metrics have a deep basis in functional analysis,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2011-03-15 Sarang Joshi , Raj Varma Kommaraju , Jeff M. Phillips , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

The paper introduces a new kernel-based Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic for measuring the distance between two distributions given finitely-many multivariate samples. When the distributions are locally low-dimensional, the proposed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-03 Xiuyuan Cheng , Alexander Cloninger , Ronald R. Coifman

This document reviews the definition of the kernel distance, providing a gentle introduction tailored to a reader with background in theoretical computer science, but limited exposure to technology more common to machine learning,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2011-03-11 Jeff M. Phillips , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

We develop a kernel projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, an essential building block in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. This method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Are two sets of observations drawn from the same distribution? This problem is a two-sample test. Kernel methods lead to many appealing properties. Indeed state-of-the-art approaches use the $L^2$ distance between kernel-based distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-02 M. Scetbon , G. Varoquaux

In many contemporary statistical and machine learning methods, one needs to optimize an objective function that depends on the discrepancy between two probability distributions. The discrepancy can be referred to as a metric for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijin Ni , Xiaoming Huo

Distances between probability distributions are a key component of many statistical machine learning tasks, from two-sample testing to generative modeling, among others. We introduce a novel distance between measures that compares them…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-09 Arturo Castellanos , Anna Korba , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Hicham Janati

Models like support vector machines or Gaussian process regression often require positive semi-definite kernels. These kernels may be based on distance functions. While definiteness is proven for common distances and kernels, a proof for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Martin Zaefferer , Thomas Bartz-Beielstein , Günter Rudolph

We use a suitable version of the so-called "kernel trick" to devise two-sample (homogeneity) tests, especially focussed on high-dimensional and functional data. Our proposal entails a simplification related to the important practical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Javier Cárcamo , Antonio Cuevas , Luis-Alberto Rodríguez

Measures of discrepancy between probability distributions (statistical distance) are widely used in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning. We describe how certain measures of statistical distance can be implemented as…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Chad E. Mitchell , Robert D. Ryne , Kilean Hwang

The paper presents new metrics to quantify and test for (i) the equality of distributions and (ii) the independence between two high-dimensional random vectors. We show that the energy distance based on the usual Euclidean distance cannot…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-01 Shubhadeep Chakraborty , Xianyang Zhang

This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-15 Raif M. Rustamov , James T. Klosowski

This paper is about two related decision theoretic problems, nonparametric two-sample testing and independence testing. There is a belief that two recently proposed solutions, based on kernels and distances between pairs of points, behave…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-25 Sashank J. Reddi , Aaditya Ramdas , Barnabás Póczos , Aarti Singh , Larry Wasserman

In this article a new family of tests is proposed for the comparison problem of the equality of distribution of two-sample under right censoring scheme. The tests are based on energy distance and kernels mean embedding, are calibrated by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-04 Marcos Matabuena
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