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Many segmentation tasks, such as medical image segmentation or future state prediction, are inherently ambiguous, meaning that multiple predictions are equally correct. Current methods typically rely on generative models to capture this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Sebastian Gerard , Josephine Sullivan

With the advent of advancements in deep learning approaches, such as deep convolution neural network, residual neural network, adversarial network; U-Net architectures are most widely utilized in biomedical image segmentation to address the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-03 Narinder Singh Punn , Sonali Agarwal

Object recognition and instance segmentation are fundamental skills in any robotic or autonomous system. Existing state-of-the-art methods are often unable to capture meaningful uncertainty in challenging or ambiguous scenes, and as such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 YuXuan Liu , Nikhil Mishra , Pieter Abbeel , Xi Chen

For complex segmentation tasks, fully automatic systems are inherently limited in their achievable accuracy for extracting relevant objects. Especially in cases where only few data sets need to be processed for a highly accurate result,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Mario Amrehn , Sven Gaube , Mathias Unberath , Frank Schebesch , Tim Horz , Maddalena Strumia , Stefan Steidl , Markus Kowarschik , Andreas Maier

Reliable cell segmentation and classification from biomedical images is a crucial step for both scientific research and clinical practice. A major challenge for more robust segmentation and classification methods is the large variations in…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-31 Mo Zhang , Xiang Li , Mengjia Xu , Quanzheng Li

One of the major difficulties in medical image segmentation is the high variability of these images, which is caused by their origin (multi-centre), the acquisition protocols (multi-parametric), as well as the variability of human anatomy,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Jhon Jairo Saenz-Gamboa , Julio Domenech , Antonio Alonso-Manjarrés , Jon A. Gómez , Maria de la Iglesia-Vayá

Lung image segmentation plays an important role in computer-aid pulmonary diseases diagnosis and treatment. This paper proposed a lung image segmentation method by generative adversarial networks. We employed a variety of generative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-05 Jiaxin Cai , Hongfeng Zhu

Our world is ambiguous and this is reflected in the data we use to train our algorithms. This is particularly true when we try to model natural processes where collected data is affected by noisy measurements and differences in measurement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Jörg K. H. Franke , Frederic Runge , Frank Hutter

Image segmentation is a fundamental problem in medical image analysis. In recent years, deep neural networks achieve impressive performances on many medical image segmentation tasks by supervised learning on large manually annotated data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Ling Zhang , Vissagan Gopalakrishnan , Le Lu , Ronald M. Summers , Joel Moss , Jianhua Yao

Uncertainty in medical image segmentation is inherently non-uniform, with boundary regions exhibiting substantially higher ambiguity than interior areas. Conventional training treats all pixels equally, leading to unstable optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jinming Zhang , Youpeng Yang , Xi Yang , Haosen Shi , Yuyao Yan , Qiufeng Wang , Guangliang Cheng , Kaizhu Huang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for decision making in a myriad of critical applications, ranging from medical to societal and even judicial. Given the importance of these decisions, it is crucial for us to be able to interpret…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Teddy Koker , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Tom Titcombe , Georgios Kaissis

Segmentation tasks in medical imaging are inherently ambiguous: the boundary of a target structure is oftentimes unclear due to image quality and biological factors. As such, predicted segmentations from deep learning algorithms are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-18 Katharina Hoebel , Ken Chang , Jay Patel , Praveer Singh , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

Medical image segmentation has been very challenging due to the large variation of anatomy across different cases. Recent advances in deep learning frameworks have exhibited faster and more accurate performance in image segmentation. Among…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-12 Maryam Asadi-Aghbolaghi , Reza Azad , Mahmood Fathy , Sergio Escalera

Image segmentation is a fundamental and challenging problem in computer vision with applications spanning multiple areas, such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and autonomous vehicles. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ali Hatamizadeh

We consider the problem of segmenting a biomedical image into anatomical regions of interest. We specifically address the frequent scenario where we have no paired training data that contains images and their manual segmentations. Instead,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Adrian V. Dalca , John Guttag , Mert R. Sabuncu

Deep learning has shown remarkable results for image analysis and is expected to aid individual treatment decisions in health care. To achieve this, deep learning methods need to be promoted from the level of mere associations to being able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Wouter A. C. van Amsterdam , Marinus J. C. Eijkemans

We present a conditional generative model to learn variation in cell and nuclear morphology and the location of subcellular structures from microscopy images. Our model generalizes to a wide range of subcellular localization and allows for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-02 Gregory R. Johnson , Rory M. Donovan-Maiye , Mary M. Maleckar

Medical images often exhibit low and blurred contrast between lesions and surrounding tissues, with considerable variation in lesion edges and shapes even within the same disease, leading to significant challenges in segmentation.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Wang Jiangtao , Nur Intan Raihana Ruhaiyem , Fu Panpan

Medical image segmentation supports clinical workflows by precisely delineating anatomical structures and lesions. However, medical image datasets medical image datasets suffer from acquisition noise and annotation ambiguity, causing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyang Li , Fang Liu , Licheng Jiao , Xinglin Xie , Jiayao Hao , Shuo Li , Xu Liu , Jingyi Yang , Lingling Li , Puhua Chen , Wenping Ma

Deep convolutional neural networks have been proven to be very effective in image related analysis and tasks, such as image segmentation, image classification, image generation, etc. Recently many sophisticated CNN based architectures have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Eshal Zahra , Bostan Ali , Wajahat Siddique