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Symbolic music understanding, which refers to the understanding of music from the symbolic data (e.g., MIDI format, but not audio), covers many music applications such as genre classification, emotion classification, and music pieces…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Mingliang Zeng , Xu Tan , Rui Wang , Zeqian Ju , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Music Structure Analysis is an open research task in Music Information Retrieval (MIR). In the past, there have been several works that attempt to segment music into the audio and symbolic domains, however, the identification and…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Carlos Hernandez-Olivan , Sonia Rubio Llamas , Jose R. Beltran

Conventional music structure analysis algorithms aim to divide a song into segments and to group them with abstract labels (e.g., 'A', 'B', and 'C'). However, explicitly identifying the function of each segment (e.g., 'verse' or 'chorus')…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Ju-Chiang Wang , Yun-Ning Hung , Jordan B. L. Smith

Music Emotion Recognition (MER) is a task deeply connected to human perception, relying heavily on subjective annotations collected from contributors. Prior studies tend to focus on specific musical styles rather than incorporating a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Joann Ching , Gerhard Widmer

Recommender systems relying on Language Models (LMs) have gained popularity in assisting users to navigate large catalogs. LMs often exploit item high-level descriptors, i.e. categories or consumption contexts, from training data or user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Elena V. Epure , Gabriel Meseguer-Brocal , Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

Many music AI models learn a map between music content and human-defined labels. However, many annotations, such as chords, can be naturally expressed within the music modality itself, e.g., as sequences of symbolic notes. This observation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Liwei Lin , Xuanjie Liu , Gus Xia

One of the most significant challenges in Music Emotion Recognition (MER) comes from the fact that emotion labels can be heterogeneous across datasets with regard to the emotion representation, including categorical (e.g., happy, sad)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jaeyong Kang , Dorien Herremans

This paper presents an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that identifies recurring patterns -- referred to as ``music-words'' -- from symbolic music data. These patterns are fundamental to musical structure and reflect the cognitive…

We present an empirical study on embedding the lyrics of a song into a fixed-dimensional feature for the purpose of music tagging. Five methods of computing token-level and four methods of computing document-level representations are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Matt McVicar , Bruno Di Giorgi , Baris Dundar , Matthias Mauch

Music genres allow to categorize musical items that share common characteristics. Although these categories are not mutually exclusive, most related research is traditionally focused on classifying tracks into a single class. Furthermore,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Sergio Oramas , Oriol Nieto , Francesco Barbieri , Xavier Serra

Music emotion recognition (MER) aims to identify the emotions conveyed in a given musical piece. However, currently, in the field of MER, the available public datasets have limited sample sizes. Recently, segment-based methods for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yifu Sun , Xulong Zhang , Monan Zhou , Wei Li

Chord progressions encapsulate important information about music, pertaining to its structure and conveyed emotions. They serve as the backbone of musical composition, and in many cases, they are the sole information required for a musician…

Structure perception is a fundamental aspect of music cognition in humans. Historically, the hierarchical organization of music into structures served as a narrative device for conveying meaning, creating expectancy, and evoking emotions in…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Nicolas Lazzari , Andrea Poltronieri , Valentina Presutti

Understanding the features learned by deep models is important from a model trust perspective, especially as deep systems are deployed in the real world. Most recent approaches for deep feature understanding or model explanation focus on…

Music information retrieval distinguishes between low- and high-level descriptions of music. Current generative AI models rely on text descriptions that are higher level than the controls familiar to studio musicians. Pitch strength, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Emmanuel Deruty

Deep learning has boosted the performance of many music information retrieval (MIR) systems in recent years. Yet, the complex hierarchical arrangement of music makes end-to-end learning hard for some MIR tasks - a very deep and flexible…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Anders Elowsson

Music similarity search is useful for a variety of creative tasks such as replacing one music recording with another recording with a similar "feel", a common task in video editing. For this task, it is typically necessary to define a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-14 Jongpil Lee , Nicholas J. Bryan , Justin Salamon , Zeyu Jin , Juhan Nam

The buildup and release of a sense of tension is one of the most essential aspects of the process of listening to music. A veridical computational model of perceived musical tension would be an important ingredient for many music…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Ali Nikrang , David R. W. Sears , Gerhard Widmer

Music emotion recognition (MER) is usually regarded as a multi-label tagging task, and each segment of music can inspire specific emotion tags. Most researchers extract acoustic features from music and explore the relations between these…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Xin Liu , Qingcai Chen , Xiangping Wu , Yan Liu , Yang Liu

Estimating the performance difficulty of a musical score is crucial in music education for adequately designing the learning curriculum of the students. Although the Music Information Retrieval community has recently shown interest in this…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Pedro Ramoneda , Jose J. Valero-Mas , Dasaem Jeong , Xavier Serra