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The evaluation of clustering algorithms can involve running them on a variety of benchmark problems, and comparing their outputs to the reference, ground-truth groupings provided by experts. Unfortunately, many research papers and graduate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Marek Gagolewski

Benchmarking heuristic algorithms is vital to understand under which conditions and on what kind of problems certain algorithms perform well. In most current research into heuristic optimization algorithms, only a very limited number of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Anna V. Kononova , Thomas Bäck

Context: Evolutionary algorithms typically require a large number of evaluations (of solutions) to converge - which can be very slow and expensive to evaluate.Objective: To solve search-based software engineering (SE) problems, using fewer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Jianfeng Chen , Vivek Nair , Tim Menzies

Benchmarking plays a major role in the development and analysis of optimization algorithms. As such, the way in which the used benchmark problems are defined significantly affects the insights that can be gained from any given benchmark…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Diederick Vermetten , Furong Ye , Carola Doerr

Evolutionary algorithms have been frequently used for dynamic optimization problems. With this paper, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of this research area. We present the first computational complexity analysis of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Frank Neumann , Carsten Witt

Robust discrete optimization is a highly active field of research where a plenitude of combinations between decision criteria, uncertainty sets and underlying nominal problems are considered. Usually, a robust problem becomes harder to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Marc Goerigk , Mohammad Khosravi

Evaluation of reasoning language models gained importance after it was observed that they can combine their existing capabilities into novel traces of intermediate steps before task completion and that the traces can sometimes help them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Petr Spelda , Vit Stritecky

Existing AI evaluation practices often fail to capture how systems actually perform in low-resource environments, where operational constraints shape usability as much as model quality. Through a structured analysis of existing benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Pant , Kavya Shah , Apoorv Agnihotri , Sneha Nikam , Prasaanth Balraj , Nakul Jain

The selection of the most appropriate algorithm to solve a given problem instance, known as algorithm selection, is driven by the potential to capitalize on the complementary performance of different algorithms across sets of problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Gjorgjina Cenikj , Ana Nikolikj , Gašper Petelin , Niki van Stein , Carola Doerr , Tome Eftimov

In certain real-world optimization scenarios, practitioners are not interested in solving multiple problems but rather in finding the best solution to a single, specific problem. When the computational budget is large relative to the cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Judith Echevarrieta , Etor Arza , Aritz Pérez , Josu Ceberio

Test functions are important to validate new optimization algorithms and to compare the performance of various algorithms. There are many test functions in the literature, but there is no standard list or set of test functions one has to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-08-04 Xin-She Yang

The automatic generation of computer programs is one of the main applications with practical relevance in the field of evolutionary computation. With program synthesis techniques not only software developers could be supported in their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Dominik Sobania , Dirk Schweim , Franz Rothlauf

In this paper we propose a novel method for learning how algorithms perform. Classically, algorithms are compared on a finite number of existing (or newly simulated) benchmark datasets based on some fixed metrics. The algorithm(s) with the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Henry Wilde , Vincent Knight , Jonathan Gillard

The stochastic nature of iterative optimization heuristics leads to inherently noisy performance measurements. Since these measurements are often gathered once and then used repeatedly, the number of collected samples will have a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Diederick Vermetten , Hao Wang , Manuel López-Ibañez , Carola Doerr , Thomas Bäck

A key challenge in the application of evolutionary algorithms in practice is the selection of an algorithm instance that best suits the problem at hand. What complicates this decision further is that different algorithms may be best suited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Furong Ye , Carola Doerr , Thomas Bäck

Single-objective bilevel optimization is a specialized form of constraint optimization problems where one of the constraints is an optimization problem itself. These problems are typically non-convex and strongly NP-Hard. Recently, there…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Anuraganand Sharma

Evolutionary and bioinspired computation are crucial for efficiently addressing complex optimization problems across diverse application domains. By mimicking processes observed in nature, like evolution itself, these algorithms offer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Daniel Molina , Javier Del Ser , Javier Poyatos , Francisco Herrera

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Evolutionary algorithms are bio-inspired algorithms that can easily adapt to changing environments. Recent results in the area of runtime analysis have pointed out that algorithms such as the (1+1)~EA and Global SEMO can efficiently…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Vahid Roostapour , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Benchmarks are used for testing new optimization algorithms and their variants to evaluate their performance. Most existing benchmarks are smooth functions. This chapter introduces ten new benchmarks with different properties, including…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Xin-She Yang