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Many applications in machine learning involve data represented as probability distributions. The emergence of such data requires radically novel techniques to design tractable gradient flows on probability distributions over this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Clément Bonet , Christophe Vauthier , Anna Korba

The Wasserstein distance is a distance between two probability distributions and has recently gained increasing popularity in statistics and machine learning, owing to its attractive properties. One important approach to extending this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-14 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

We develop a Bayesian inference method for diffusions observed discretely and with noise, which is free of discretisation bias. Unlike existing unbiased inference methods, our method does not rely on exact simulation techniques. Instead,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Neil K. Chada , Jordan Franks , Ajay Jasra , Kody J. H. Law , Matti Vihola

Sampling a probability distribution with an unknown normalization constant is a fundamental problem in computational science and engineering. This task may be cast as an optimization problem over all probability measures, and an initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-12 Yifan Chen , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Sebastian Reich , Andrew M. Stuart

A comprehensive methodology for establishing the existence of gradient flows for cross-diffusion systems with respect to suitable energies is proposed. The approach is based on the construction of piecewise-in-time constant approximations…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Mathias Dus , Ansgar Jüngel

This paper provides results on Wasserstein gradient flows between measures on the real line. Utilizing the isometric embedding of the Wasserstein space $\mathcal P_2(\mathbb R)$ into the Hilbert space $L_2((0,1))$, Wasserstein gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Johannes Hertrich , Robert Beinert , Manuel Gräf , Gabriele Steidl

Particle-based variational inference offers a flexible way of approximating complex posterior distributions with a set of particles. In this paper we introduce a new particle-based variational inference method based on the theory of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-16 Luca Ambrogioni , Umut Guclu , Marcel van Gerven

We investigate long-time behaviors of empirical measures associated with subordinated Dirichlet diffusion processes on a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ with boundary $\partial M$ to some reference measure, under the quadratic Wasserstein…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Huaiqian Li , Bingyao Wu

We study the problem of estimating a sequence of evolving probability distributions from historical data, where the underlying distribution changes over time in a nonstationary and nonparametric manner. To capture gradual changes, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Edward J. Anderson , Dominic S. T. Keehan

We develop novel neural network-based implicit particle methods to compute high-dimensional Wasserstein-type gradient flows with linear and nonlinear mobility functions. The main idea is to use the Lagrangian formulation in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Wonjun Lee , Li Wang , Wuchen Li

In this paper we provide a variational characterisation for a class of non-linear evolution equations with constant non-negative Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded domain as gradient flows in the space of non-negative measures. The…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Matthias Erbar , Giulia Meglioli

Diffusion models and flow-based methods have shown impressive generative capability, especially for images, but their sampling is expensive because it requires many iterative updates. We introduce W-Flow, a framework for training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaqi Han , Puheng Li , Qiushan Guo , Renyuan Xu , Stefano Ermon , Emmanuel J. Candès

In this paper, we investigate the construction of a diffusion process whose time-marginal densities are constrained to belong to a given set at all time. The construction is obtained from a penalization approximation to the constraint set,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-04-20 Jean-Francois Jabir

We develop a new computational framework to solve the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the flow of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) in continuous-time stochastic nonlinear systems. The need for computing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-08 Kenneth F. Caluya , Abhishek Halder

The aim of this paper is twofold. Based on the geometric Wasserstein tangent space, we first introduce Wasserstein steepest descent flows. These are locally absolutely continuous curves in the Wasserstein space whose tangent vectors point…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Johannes Hertrich , Manuel Gräf , Robert Beinert , Gabriele Steidl

In the present paper, we prove that the Wasserstein distance on the space of continuous sample-paths equipped with the supremum norm between the laws of a uniformly elliptic one-dimensional diffusion process and its Euler discretization…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-29 A. Alfonsi , B. Jourdain , A. Kohatsu-Higa

We show that degenerate nonlinear diffusion equations can be asymptotically obtained as a limit from a class of nonlocal partial differential equations. The nonlocal equations are obtained as gradient flows of interaction-like energies…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-12 José Antonio Carrillo , Antonio Esposito , Jeremy Sheung-Him Wu

We develop in this paper a new regularized flow dynamic approach to construct efficient numerical schemes for Wasserstein gradient flows in Lagrangian coordinates. Instead of approximating the Wasserstein distance which needs to solve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Qing Cheng , Qianqian Liu , Wenbin Chen , Jie Shen

In this paper, we present a novel methodology to perform Bayesian inference for Cox processes in which the intensity function is driven by a diffusion process. The novelty lies in the fact that no discretization error is involved, despite…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 Flavio B. Gonçalves , Krzysztof G. Łatuszyński , Gareth O. Roberts

Flow Matching has recently gained attention in generative modeling as a simple and flexible alternative to diffusion models. While existing statistical guarantees adapt tools from the analysis of diffusion models, we take a different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Lea Kunkel , Mathias Trabs