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Water is essential for almost every aspect of life on our planet and, unsurprisingly, its properties have been studied in great detail. However, disproportionately little remains known about the electrical properties of interfacial and…

There is a long-standing question about the molecular configuration of interfacial water molecules in the proximity of solid surfaces, particularly carbon atoms which play a crucial role in electrochemistry and biology. In this study, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-03 Iman Ahmadabadi , Ali Esfandiar , Ali Hassanali , Mohammad Reza Ejtehadi

We re-examine the problem of the dielectric response of highly polar liquids such as water in confinement between two walls using a simple two-variable density functional theory involving number and polarisation densities. In the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-08 Daniel Borgis , Damien Laage , Luc Belloni , Guillaume Jeanmairet

We present a theoretical calculation of the changes in the Hamaker constant due to the anomalous reduction of the static dielectric function of water. Under confinement, the dielectric function of water decreases from a bulk value of 79…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-10-21 R. Esquivel-Sirvent

Recent experiments show that the relative dielectric constant $\epsilon$ of water confined to a film of nanometric thickness reaches a strikingly low value of 2.1, barely above the bulk's 1.8 value for the purely electronic response. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Jon Zubeltzu , Fernando Bresme , Matthew Dawber , Marivi Fernandez-Serra , Emilio Artacho

Investigations of dielectric properties of water in nanoconfinement are highly relevant for various applications. Here, using a simple capacitor model, we show that the low dielectric constant of nanoconfined water found in molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-04-24 Chao Zhang

Recent experiments have shown that the out-of-plane dielectric constant of water confined in nanoslits of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is vanishingly small. Despite extensive effort based mainly on classical force-field…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Thomas Dufils , Christoph Schran , Ji Chen , Andre K. Geim , Laura Fumagalli , Angelos Michaelides

The in-plane dielectric constant of nanoconfined water has attracted growing interest over the last years. Nevertheless, this magnitude is not well-defined at the nanoscale due to its dependence on the arbitrary choice of water width. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-08 Jon Zubeltzu

The surface of a polar liquid presents a special environment for the solvation and organization of charged solutes, which differ from bulk behaviors in important ways. These differences have motivated many attempts to understand…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-07 Stephen J. Cox , Phillip L. Geissler

Using molecular dynamic simulations we study a waterlike model confined between two fixed hydrophobic plates. The system is tested for density, diffusion and structural anomalous behavior and compared with the bulk results. Within the range…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2013-03-06 Leandro Batirolla Krott , Marcia Cristina Bernardes Barbosa

The dielectric constant ($\varepsilon^{\prime}$) of interfacial water is an important parameter, but its measurement has posed challenges, and no consensus has been reached on a generalized expression. We derived a formula for…

The intercalated water into nanopores exhibits anomalous properties such as ultralow dielectric constant.~Multi-scale modeling and simulations are used to investigate the dielectric properties of various crystalline two-dimensional ices and…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-02 S. Ghasemi , M. Alihosseini , F. Peymanirad , H. Jalali , S. A. Ketabi , F. Khoeini , M. Neek-Amal

Because of the dominant role of the surface of molecules and their individuality, molecules behave dis-tinctively in a confined space, which has far-reaching implications in many physical, chemical and bio-logical systems. Here, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 DaeEung Lee , Gwanghyun Ahn , Sunmin Ryu

We define the dielectric constant (susceptibility) that should enter the Maxwell boundary value problem when applied to microscopic dielectric interfaces. The dielectric constant (susceptibility) of the interface is defined by exact…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-03 Mohammadhasan Dinpajooh , Dmitry V. Matyushov

The dielectric properties of a bulk dipolar liquid have been subjects of intense interest during the past decades. A surprising result was the discovery of a strong wavenumber dependence in the bulk homogeneous state. Such behaviour seems…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-25 Sayantan Mondal , Biman Bagchi

Dipolar susceptibility of interfacial water and the corresponding interface dielectric constant were calculated from numerical molecular dynamics simulations for neutral and charged states of buckminsterfullerene C$_{60}$. Dielectric…

Water molecules are traditionally regarded as passive dielectric media in electrochemical systems. In this work, we challenge this conventional perspective using molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis. We show that…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Peiyao Wang , Gengping Jiang , Yuan Yan , Longbing Qu , Xiaoyang Du , Dan Li , Jefferson Zhe Liu

Water behaves very differently at surfaces and under extreme confinement, but the boundary between these two regimes has remained unclear. Despite evidence that interfacial effects persist under sub-nanometre confinement, the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Xavier R. Advincula , Christoph Schran , Angelos Michaelides

The dielectric response of nano-confined fluids is crucial across technologies and biological systems, yet its calculation and interpretation from molecular simulations are often muddled by unclear boundary conditions. We re-derive the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-06 Philipp Stärk , Henrik Stooß , Philip Loche , Douwe Jan Bonthuis , Roland R. Netz , Alexander Schlaich

We present {\em direct} and {\em linear} measurements of the normal stiffness and damping of a confined, few molecule thick water layer. The measurements were obtained by use of a small amplitude (0.36 $\textrm{\AA}$), off-resonance Atomic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Steve Jeffery , Peter M. Hoffmann , John B. Pethica , Chandra Ramanujan , H. Özgür Özer , Ahmet Oral
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