Related papers: The Atmosphere
We use the Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws-Long (STPFaSL-Long), a research-based survey instrument with 78 items at the level of introductory physics, to investigate introductory and advanced students'…
Venus and Earth are similar in bulk properties yet followed dramatically different climatic trajectories. Reconstructing Venus's climate evolution requires understanding how rotation, obliquity, eccentricity, and solar luminosity shaped…
Disturbances in space weather can negatively affect several fields, including aviation and aerospace, satellites, oil and gas industries, and electrical systems, leading to economic and commercial losses. Solar flares are the most…
This White Paper is a call to action for astronomers to respond to climate change with a large structural transition within our profession. Many astronomers are deeply concerned about climate change and act upon it in their personal and…
As the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres proceeds, providing insights into atmospheric chemistry and composition, a key question is how much deeper into the planet we might be able to see from its atmospheric properties alone. For…
In this chapter we outline some of the basic understanding of the chemistry that accompanies planet formation. We discuss the basic physical environment which dictates the dominant chemical kinetic pathways for molecule formation. We focus…
This is a set of lecture notes basd on the lectures on cosmological dynamics given by E. Bertschinger at Les Houches in August 1993. The contents include elementary mechanics in cosmology, Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid dynamics, hot dark…
In this contribution I give a brief introduction to the essential concepts and mechanisms of decoherence by the environment. The emphasis will be not so much on technical details but rather on conceptual issues and the impact on the…
The selection of topics in this text has formed the core of a one semester course in applied mathematics at the Arctic University of Norway that has been running continuously since the 1970s. The class has, during its existence, drawn…
I outline the theory of relativistic charged-particle motion in the magnetosphere in a way suitable for undergraduate courses. I discuss particle and guiding center motion, derive the three adiabatic invariants associated with them, and…
This is a self-contained set of lecture notes covering various aspects of the theory of open quantum system, at a level appropriate for a one-semester graduate course. The main emphasis is on completely positive maps and master equations,…
In meteorology the analysis of motions of the atmosphere on the Earth has been done using various mathematical models and using various approximations. In this article as the simplest model the compressible Euler equations with barotropic…
A particular class of flat Emergent Universe scenario is studied in light of recent observational data. Observationally permissible ranges of values are obtained for the model parameters. The class of model studied here can accommodate…
A reliable understanding of the Earth system is essential for the life quality of modern society. Natural hazards are the cause of most life and resource losses. The ability to define the conditions for a sustainable development of…
Lecture notes written for a one-semester course in mathematical relativity aimed at mathematics and physics students. Not meant as an introduction to general relativity, but rather as a complementary, more advanced text.
In order to optimise the design of space instruments making use of detection materials with low atomic numbers, an understanding of the atmospheric neutron environment and its dependencies on time and position is needed. To produce a simple…
The goal of this document is to present a detailed description of the goals, simulation setup and diagnostics for the Turbulent Dissipation Challenge (arXiv:1303.0204) as discussed in the Solar Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment…
This is simply a long list of papers that I have found useful. They are generally related to aspects of the search for evidence that the Sun influences the climate somehow. There are papers on Data, on Methods and papers that just discuss…
The global climate crisis poses new risks to humanity, and with them, new challenges to the practices of professional astronomy. Avoiding the more catastrophic consequences of global warming by more than 1.5 degrees requires an immediate…
The varied surfaces and atmospheres of planets make them interesting places to live, explore, and study from afar. Unfortunately, the great distance to exoplanets makes it impossible to resolve their disk with current or near-term…