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Bibliometric measures, such as total citations and h-index, have become a cornerstone for evaluating academic performance; however, these traditional metrics, being non-weighted, inadequately capture the nuances of individual contributions.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Vishvesh Karthik , Indupalli Sishir Anand , Utkarsha Mahanta , Gaurav Sharma

h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is…

Unlike other academic bibliographic databases, Google Scholar intentionally operates in a way that does not maintain coverage stability: documents that stop being available to Google Scholar's crawlers are removed from the system. This can…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Alberto Martín-Martín , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

Researchers rely on academic Web search engines to find scientific sources, but search engine mechanisms may selectively present content that aligns with biases embedded in queries. This study examines whether confirmation biased queries…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Celina Kacperski , Mona Bielig , Mykola Makhortykh , Maryna Sydorova , Roberto Ulloa

Despite citation counts from Google Scholar (GS), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus being widely consulted by researchers and sometimes used in research evaluations, there is no recent or systematic evidence about the differences between…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Alberto Martín-Martín , Enrique Orduna-Malea , Mike Thelwall , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

Google Scholar is one of the top search engines to access research articles across multiple disciplines for scholarly literature. Google scholar advance search option gives the privilege to extract articles based on phrases, publishers…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Shrabani Ghosh

Citations are widely considered in scientists' evaluation. As such, scientists may be incentivized to inflate their citation counts. While previous literature has examined self-citations and citation cartels, it remains unclear whether…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Hazem Ibrahim , Fengyuan Liu , Yasir Zaki , Talal Rahwan

The transition from analogue to digital archives and the recent explosion of online content offers researchers novel ways of engaging with data. The crucial question for ensuring a balance between the supply and demand-side of data, is…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-04-23 Max Kemman , Martijn Kleppe , Stef Scagliola

From more than half a century ago indexing scientific articles has been studied intensively to provide a more efficient data retrieval and to conserve researchers invaluable time. In the last two decades with the emergence of the World Wide…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Azam Majooni , Mona Masood , Amir Akhavan

Understanding the geographic reach and community structure of one's scholarly citations is increasingly valuable for career development, grant applications, and collaboration discovery -- yet accessible tools for answering these questions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chenxu Niu , Yiming Sun

This article uses Google Scholar (GS) as a source of data to analyse Open Access (OA) levels across all countries and fields of research. All articles and reviews with a DOI and published in 2009 or 2014 and covered by the three main…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Alberto Martín-Martín , Rodrigo Costas , Thed van Leeuwen , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

We analyse the main features of the third edition of Google Scholar Metrics (GSM), released in June 2014, focusing on its more important changes, strengths, and weaknesses. Additionally, we present some figures that outline the dimensions…

Most currently available schemes for performance based ranking of Universities or Research organizations, such as, Quacarelli Symonds (QS), Times Higher Education (THE), Shanghai University based All Research of World Universities (ARWU)…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-06-28 Aparna Basu , Deepika Malhotra , Taniya Seth , Pranab K. Muhuri

Through academic publications, the authors of these publications form a social network. Instead of sharing casual thoughts and photos (as in Facebook), authors pick co-authors and reference papers written by other authors. Thanks to various…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Tom Z. J. Fu , Qianqian Song , Dah Ming Chiu

Citation numbers and other quantities derived from bibliographic databases are becoming standard tools for the assessment of productivity and impact of research activities. Though widely used, still their statistical properties have not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-12-17 Filippo Radicchi , Claudio Castellano

We explore if and how Microsoft Academic (MA) could be used for bibliometric analyses. First, we examine the Academic Knowledge API (AK API), an interface to access MA data, and compare it to Google Scholar (GS). Second, we perform a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Sven E. Hug , Michael Ochsner , Martin P. Braendle

The search process of scientific articles (papers) and review articles (reviews) is one of the pillars of the scientific world, and is performed by people in the research as well as for people who want to keep abreast specific topics.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2011-10-13 Jose Texier

Dissertations can be the single most important scholarly outputs of junior researchers. Whilst sets of journal articles are often evaluated with the help of citation counts from the Web of Science or Scopus, these do not index dissertations…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Kayvan Kousha , Mike Thelwall

With the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic problem solving, university students frequently alternate between traditional search engines like Google and large language models (LLMs) for information retrieval.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Md. Sadman Haque , Zobaer Ibn Razzaque , Robiul Awoul Robin , Sabila Nawshin

Scopus and the Web of Science have been the foundation for research in the science of science even though these traditional databases systematically underrepresent certain disciplines and world regions. In response, new inclusive databases,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Juan Pablo Alperin , Jason Portenoy , Kyle Demes , Vincent Larivière , Stefanie Haustein