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We extend a data-based model-free multifractal method of exoplanet detection to probe exoplanetary atmospheres. Whereas the transmission spectrum is studied during the primary eclipse, we analyze the emission spectrum during the secondary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-25 Sahil Agarwal , John S. Wettlaufer

We introduce a new machine learning based technique to detect exoplanets using the transit method. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have proven to be broadly applicable in various scientific research areas. We aim to exploit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Abhishek Malik , Benjamin P. Moster , Christian Obermeier

The advent of JWST has marked a new era in exoplanetary atmospheric studies, offering higher-resolution data and greater precision across a broader spectral range than previous space-based telescopes. Accurate analysis of these datasets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Tonmoy Deka , Tasneem Basra Khan , Swastik Dewan , Priyankush Ghosh , Debayan Das , Liton Majumdar

Retrieving the physical parameters from spectroscopic observations of exoplanets is key to understanding their atmospheric properties. Exoplanetary atmospheric retrievals are usually based on approximate Bayesian inference and rely on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Malavika Vasist , François Rozet , Olivier Absil , Paul Mollière , Evert Nasedkin , Gilles Louppe

Aims. To create a retrieval framework which encapsulates the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres, and to apply it to observed emission phase curve and transmission spectra of hot Jupiter exoplanet WASP-43b. Methods. We present our 3D…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Katy L. Chubb , Michiel Min

We propose a new data analysis method for obtaining transmission spectra of exoplanet atmospheres and brightness variation across the stellar disk from transit observations. The new method is capable of recovering exoplanet atmosphere…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Erik Aronson , Nikolai Piskunov

Machine Learning algorithms are good tools for both classification and prediction purposes. These algorithms can further be used for scientific discoveries from the enormous data being collected in our era. We present ways of discovering…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-26 Shraddha Surana , Yogesh Wadadekar , Divya Oberoi

Atmospheric retrievals are essential tools for interpreting exoplanet transmission and eclipse spectra, enabling quantitative constraints on the chemical composition, aerosol properties, and thermal structure of planetary atmospheres. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yoav Rotman , Luis Welbanks , Michael R. Line , Peter McGill , Michael Radica , Matthew C. Nixon

A key goal of exoplanet spectroscopy is to measure atmospheric properties, such as abundances of chemical species, in order to connect them to our understanding of atmospheric physics and planet formation. In this new era of high-quality…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 Matthew C. Nixon , Luis Welbanks , Peter McGill , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

The analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres often relies upon the observation of transit or eclipse events. While very powerful, these snapshots provide mainly 1-dimensional information on the planet structure and do not easily allow precise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Quentin Changeat , Ahmed F. Al-Refaie , Billy Edwards , Ingo P. Waldmann , Giovanna Tinetti

Exoplanets are now being discovered in profusion. However, to understand their character requires spectral models and data. These elements of remote sensing can yield temperatures, compositions, and even weather patterns, but only if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Adam Burrows

Inferring atmospheric properties of exoplanets from observed spectra is key to understanding their formation, evolution, and habitability. Since traditional Bayesian approaches to atmospheric retrieval (e.g., nested sampling) are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-25 Timothy D. Gebhard , Jonas Wildberger , Maximilian Dax , Annalena Kofler , Daniel Angerhausen , Sascha P. Quanz , Bernhard Schölkopf

Unsupervised machine learning is widely used to mine large, unlabeled datasets to make data-driven discoveries in critical domains such as climate science, biomedicine, astronomy, chemistry, and more. However, despite its widespread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Andersen Chang , Tiffany M. Tang , Tarek M. Zikry , Genevera I. Allen

The new generation of observatories and instruments (VLT/ERIS, JWST, ELT) motivate the development of robust methods to detect and characterise faint and close-in exoplanets. Molecular mapping and cross-correlation for spectroscopy use…

Atmospheric retrievals are now a standard tool to analyze observations of exoplanet atmospheres. This data-driven approach quantitatively compares atmospheric models to observations in order to estimate atmospheric properties and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

The Lyman-$\alpha$ forest refers to the series of absorption features observed in the spectra of distant quasars that are produced by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium. Observed over a wide range of redshifts with both ground-…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Jonás Chaves-Montero

With the advent of JWST and spectroscopic characterization of exoplanet atmospheres with unprecedented detail, there is a demand for a more complete picture of chemical and photochemical reactions and their impact on atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-10 Jeehyun Yang , Renyu Hu

Atmospheric correction is a fundamental task in remote sensing because observations are taken either of the atmosphere or looking through the atmosphere. Atmospheric correction errors can significantly alter the spectral signature of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-23 Fangcao Xu , Jian Sun , Guido Cervone , Mark Salvador

High-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has opened new opportunities to characterize exoplanet atmospheres from the ground. By resolving individual lines in planetary emission and transmission spectra, one can sensitively probe the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Ruizhe Wang , Ryan J. MacDonald , Neale P. Gibson , Nikole K. Lewis

This brief review focuses on methods and applications of modeling exoplanetary atmospheres. We discuss various kinds of state of the art self-consistent and retrieval models in 1D and multi-D with a focus on open questions and short- and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Jonathan J. Fortney , Joanna K. Barstow , Nikku Madhusudhan