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The problem of drawing samples from a discrete distribution can be converted into a discrete optimization problem. In this work, we show how sampling from a continuous distribution can be converted into an optimization problem over…

Computation · Statistics 2015-01-27 Chris J. Maddison , Daniel Tarlow , Tom Minka

Guaranteed lower Dirichlet eigenvalue bounds (GLB) can be computed for the $m$-th Laplace operator with a recently introduced extra-stabilized nonconforming Crouzeix-Raviart ($m=1$) or Morley ($m=2$) finite element eigensolver. Striking…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Carsten Carstensen , Sophie Puttkammer

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become the dominant paradigm for aligning large language models with human preferences. However, policy gradient methods such as PPO suffer from high variance gradient estimates,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lukas Abrie Nel

In distributed optimization problems, a technique called gradient coding, which involves replicating data points, has been used to mitigate the effect of straggling machines. Recent work has studied approximate gradient coding, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-09 Margalit Glasgow , Mary Wootters

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Dmitrii Marin , Meng Tang , Ismail Ben Ayed , Yuri Boykov

We develop a distributed algorithm for convex Empirical Risk Minimization, the problem of minimizing large but finite sum of convex functions over networks. The proposed algorithm is derived from directly discretizing the second-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-07 Jingzhao Zhang , César A. Uribe , Aryan Mokhtari , Ali Jadbabaie

Variational Autoencoder is a scalable method for learning latent variable models of complex data. It employs a clear objective that can be easily optimized. However, it does not explicitly measure the quality of learned representations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Andriy Serdega , Dae-Shik Kim

Training models with discrete latent variables is challenging due to the high variance of unbiased gradient estimators. While low-variance reparameterization gradients of a continuous relaxation can provide an effective solution, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Zhe Dong , Andriy Mnih , George Tucker

The ability to backpropagate stochastic gradients through continuous latent distributions has been crucial to the emergence of variational autoencoders and stochastic gradient variational Bayes. The key ingredient is an unbiased and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Alex Graves

An adaptive mesh refinement and error estimation method for numerically solving optimal control problems is developed using Legendre-Gauss-Radau direct collocation. In regions of the solution where the desired accuracy tolerance has not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-11 George V. Haman , Anil V. Rao

Gradient descent can be surprisingly good at optimizing deep neural networks without overfitting and without explicit regularization. We find that the discrete steps of gradient descent implicitly regularize models by penalizing gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 David G. T. Barrett , Benoit Dherin

The maximum entropy principle is a powerful tool for solving underdetermined inverse problems. This paper considers the problem of discretizing a continuous distribution, which arises in various applied fields. We obtain the approximating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Ken'ichiro Tanaka , Alexis Akira Toda

Stochastic optimization algorithms with variance reduction have proven successful for minimizing large finite sums of functions. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to deal with stochastic perturbations of input data, induced for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Alberto Bietti , Julien Mairal

Permutations and matchings are core building blocks in a variety of latent variable models, as they allow us to align, canonicalize, and sort data. Learning in such models is difficult, however, because exact marginalization over these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-26 Gonzalo Mena , David Belanger , Scott Linderman , Jasper Snoek

We study binary optimization problems of the form \( \min_{x\in\{-1,1\}^n} f(Ax-b) \) with possibly nonsmooth loss \(f\). Following the lifted rank-one semidefinite programming (SDP) approach\cite{qian2023matrix}, we develop a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Lianghai Xiao , Yitian Qian , Shaohua Pan

This paper demonstrates a practical method for computing the solution of an expectation-constrained robust maximization problem with immediate applications to model-free no-arbitrage bounds and super-replication values for many financial…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-10-06 Christopher W. Miller

This paper investigates distributed zeroth-order optimization for smooth nonconvex problems, targeting the trade-off between convergence rate and sampling cost per zeroth-order gradient estimation in current algorithms that use either the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Huaiyi Mu , Yujie Tang , Jie Song , Zhongkui Li

We present exact mixed-integer linear programming formulations for verifying the performance of first-order methods for parametric quadratic optimization. We formulate the verification problem as a mixed-integer linear program where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Vinit Ranjan , Jisun Park , Stefano Gualandi , Andrea Lodi , Bartolomeo Stellato

We propose a new approach for solving systems of conservation laws that admit a variational formulation of the time-discretized form, and encompasses the p-system or the system of elastodynamics. The approach consists of using constrained…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Theodoros Katsaounis , Grigorios Kounadis , Ioanna Mousikou , Athanasios E. Tzavaras

This paper develops a flexible method for decreasing the variance of estimators for complex experiment effect metrics (e.g. ratio metrics) while retaining asymptotic unbiasedness. This method uses the auxiliary information about the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Reza Hosseini , Amir Najmi