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The Box-Ball System (BBS) is a one-dimensional cellular automaton in $\{0,1\}^\Z$ introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma \cite{TS}, who also identified conserved sequences called \emph{solitons}. Integers are called boxes and a ball…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Pablo A. Ferrari , Davide Gabrielli

The box-ball system (BBS) is a simple model of soliton interaction introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in the 1990s. Recent work of the authors, together with Tsuyoshi Kato and Satoshi Tsujimoto, derived various families of invariant…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-15 David A. Croydon , Makiko Sasada

The box-ball system (BBS), introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in 1990, is a cellular automaton that exhibits solitonic behaviour. In this article, we study the BBS when started from a random two-sided infinite particle configuration. For…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-15 David A. Croydon , Tsuyoshi Kato , Makiko Sasada , Satoshi Tsujimoto

The Box-Ball System (BBS) is a cellular automaton introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in the 1990s. The system is a discrete counterpart of the KdV equation and exhibits solitonic behavior. Recently, the BBS started from a random two-sided…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Kazuki Kondo

A delay analogue of the box and ball system (BBS) is presented. This new soliton cellular automaton is constructed by the ultra-discretization of the delay discrete Lotka-Volterra equation, which is an integrable delay analogue of the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-02-29 Kenta Nakata , Kanta Negishi , Hiroshi Matsuoka , Ken-ichi Maruno

A box-ball system (BBS) is a discrete dynamical system consisting of n balls in an infinite strip of boxes. During each BBS move, the balls take turns jumping to the first empty box, beginning with the smallest-numbered ball. The one-line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Marisa Cofie , Olivia Fugikawa , Emily Gunawan , Madelyn Stewart , David Zeng

Box-ball system (BBS) is a prominent example of integrable cellular automata in one dimension connected to quantum groups, Bethe ansatz, ultradiscretization, tropical geometry and so forth. In this paper we study the generalized Gibbs…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 Atsuo Kuniba , Grégoire Misguich , Vincent Pasquier

The box-ball system (BBS) is a cellular automaton that is an ultradiscrete analogue of the Korteweg--de Vries equation, a non-linear PDE used to model water waves. In 2001, Hikami and Inoue generalised the BBS to the general linear Lie…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-03-05 Mitchell Ryan , Benjamin Solomon

Using the whurl relation of the first two authors, we define a new discrete solitonic system, which we call the box-basket-ball system, generalizing the box-ball system of Takahashi and Satsuma. In box-basket-ball systems balls may be put…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Thomas Lam , Pavlo Pylyavskyy , Reiho Sakamoto

A box-ball system is a discrete dynamical system whose dynamics come from the balls jumping according to certain rules. A permutation on n objects gives a box-ball system state by assigning its one-line notation to n consecutive boxes.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Ben Drucker , Eli Garcia , Emily Gunawan , Aubrey Rumbolt , Rose Silver

The box-ball system (BBS), which was introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in 1990, is a soliton cellular automaton. Its dynamics can be linearized by a few methods, among which the best known is the Kerov-Kirillov-Reschetikhin (KKR)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-03 Matteo Mucciconi , Makiko Sasada , Tomohiro Sasamoto , Hayate Suda

We introduce the Stochastic Box-Ball System (SBBS), a probabilistic cellular automaton that generalizes the classic Takahashi-Satsuma Box-Ball System. In SBBS, particles are transported by a carrier with a fixed capacity that may fail to…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-31 David Keating , Minjun Kim , Eva Loeser , Hanbaek Lyu

We deduce a generalized hydrodynamic limit for the box-ball system, which explains how the densities of solitons of different sizes evolve asymptotically under Euler space-time scaling. To describe the limiting soliton flow, we introduce a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 David A. Croydon , Makiko Sasada

The basic $\kappa$-color box-ball (BBS) system is an integrable cellular automaton on one dimensional lattice whose local states take $\{0,1,\cdots,\kappa \}$ with $0$ regarded as an empty box. The time evolution is defined by a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-08 Atsuo Kuniba , Hanbaek Lyu

In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of the phase shift phenomenon of the classical soliton cellular automaton known as the box-ball system, ultimately resulting in a statement and proof of a formula describing this phase shift.…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-08-26 Nicholas M. Ercolani , Jonathan Ramalheira-Tsu

Interaction properties of complex solitons are studied for the two U(1)-invariant integrable generalizations of the mKdV equation, given by the Hirota equation and the Sasa-Satsuma equation, which share the same travelling wave…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-05-27 Stephen C. Anco , Nestor Tchegoum Ngatat , Mark Willoughby

We propose a solitonic dynamical system over finite fields that may be regarded as an analogue of the box-ball systems. The one-soliton solutions of the system, which have nested structures similar to fractals, are also proved. The…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2014-08-04 Fumitaka Yura

We propose a new type of soliton equation, which is obtained from the generalized discrete BKP equation. The obtained equation admits two types of soliton solutions. The signs of amplitude and velocity of the soliton solution are opposite…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2019-12-09 Hidetomo Nagai , Nobuhiko Shinzawa

We introduce the complete box-ball system (cBBS), which is an integrable cellular automaton on 1D lattice associated with the quantum group $U_q(\widehat{sl}_n)$. Compared with the conventional $(n-1)$-color BBS, it enjoys a remarkable…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2021-05-05 Atsuo Kuniba , Grégoire Misguich , Vincent Pasquier

We investigate the multi-soliton solutions to the generalized discrete KdV equation. In some cases a soliton with smaller amplitude moves faster than that with larger amplitude unlike the soliton solutions of the KdV equation. This…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Masataka Kanki , Jun Mada , Tetsuji Tokihiro
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