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When data analysts train a classifier and check if its accuracy is significantly different from chance, they are implicitly performing a two-sample test. We investigate the statistical properties of this flexible approach in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas , Aarti Singh , Larry Wasserman

Construction methods for prior densities are investigated from a predictive viewpoint. Predictive densities for future observables are constructed by using observed data. The simultaneous distribution of future observables and observed data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Fumiyasu Komaki

We consider $L^2$-approximation on weighted reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of functions depending on infinitely many variables. We focus on unrestricted linear information, admitting evaluations of arbitrary continuous linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Kumar Harsha , Michael Gnewuch , Marcin Wnuk

Recently, a series of papers proposed deep learning-based approaches to sample from target distributions using controlled diffusion processes, being trained only on the unnormalized target densities without access to samples. Building on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner

Density level sets are mainly estimated using one of three methodologies: plug-in, excess mass, or a hybrid approach. The plug-in methods are based on replacing the unknown density by some nonparametric estimator, usually the kernel. Thus,…

This paper introduces a variational approximation framework using direct optimization of what is known as the {\it scale invariant Alpha-Beta divergence} (sAB divergence). This new objective encompasses most variational objectives that use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Regli , Ricardo Silva

This paper considers the problem of estimating probabilities of the form $\mathbb{P}(Y \leq w)$, for a given value of $w$, in the situation that a sample of i.i.d.\ observations $X_1, \ldots, X_n$ of $X$ is available, and where we…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-01 Arnoud V. den Boer , Michel Mandjes

Density estimation and inference methods are widely used in empirical work. When the underlying distribution has compact support, conventional kernel-based density estimators are no longer consistent near or at the boundary because of their…

Computation · Statistics 2021-02-24 Matias D. Cattaneo , Michael Jansson , Xinwei Ma

In this paper, we delve deeper into the Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence loss and mathematically prove that it is equivalent to the Decoupled Kullback-Leibler (DKL) Divergence loss that consists of (1) a weighted Mean Square Error (wMSE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiequan Cui , Beier Zhu , Qingshan Xu , Zhuotao Tian , Xiaojuan Qi , Bei Yu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

Given additional distributional information in the form of moment restrictions, kernel density and distribution function estimators with implied generalised empirical likelihood probabilities as weights achieve a reduction in variance due…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-08 Vitaliy Oryshchenko , Richard J. Smith

This paper applies the recently axiomatized Optimum Information Principle (minimize the Kullback-Leibler information subject to all relevant information) to nonparametric density estimation, which provides a theoretical foundation as well…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-28 Alexis Akira Toda

The aim of this paper is to provide new theoretical and computational understanding on two loss regularizations employed in deep learning, known as local entropy and heat regularization. For both regularized losses we introduce variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-26 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Zach Kaplan , Daniel Sanz-Alonso

Divergence estimators based on direct approximation of density-ratios without going through separate approximation of numerator and denominator densities have been successfully applied to machine learning tasks that involve distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-06-24 Makoto Yamada , Taiji Suzuki , Takafumi Kanamori , Hirotaka Hachiya , Masashi Sugiyama

Morden deep ensembles technique achieves strong uncertainty estimation performance by going through multiple forward passes with different models. This is at the price of a high storage space and a slow speed in the inference (test) time.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Ha Manh Bui , Anqi Liu

The Pinsker inequality lower bounds the Kullback--Leibler divergence $D_{\textrm{KL}}$ in terms of total variation and provides a canonical way to convert $D_{\textrm{KL}}$ control into $\lVert \cdot \rVert_1$-control. Motivated by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Guglielmo Beretta , Tommaso Cesari , Roberto Colomboni

We study the problem of estimating a distribution over a finite alphabet from an i.i.d. sample, with accuracy measured in relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler divergence). While optimal bounds on the expected risk are known, high-probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Jaouad Mourtada

We examine the integrated squared difference, also known as the L2 distance (L2D), between two probability densities. Such a distance metric allows for comparison of differences between pairs of distributions or changes in a distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-03 George Shan , Mark J. van der Laan

We analyze the SDSS Ly-alpha forest P_F(k,z) measurement to determine the linear theory power spectrum. Our analysis is based on fully hydrodynamic simulations, extended using hydro-PM simulations. We account for the effect of absorbers…

We revisit the problem of estimating the center of symmetry $\theta$ of an unknown symmetric density $f$. Although Stone (1975), Van Eden (1970), and Sacks (1975) constructed adaptive estimators of $\theta$ in this model, their estimators…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Nilanjana Laha

In this paper, we study a class of non-parametric density estimators under Bayesian settings. The estimators are piecewise constant functions on binary partitions. We analyze the concentration rate of the posterior distribution under a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-21 Linxi Liu , Wing Hung Wong