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We propose a general model that jointly characterizes degree heterogeneity and homophily in weighted, undirected networks. We present a moment estimation method using node degrees and homophily statistics. We establish consistency and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Qiuping Wang , Yuan Zhang , Ting Yan

In this paper, we introduce a general model for jointly modelling the nodal heterogeneity and covariates in weighted or unweighted bipartite networks, which contains two different types of nodes. The model has a degree heterogeneity…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Wu Zuhui , Wang Qiuping , Yan Ting

This paper analyzes a semiparametric model of network formation in the presence of unobserved agent-specific heterogeneity. The objective is to identify and estimate the preference parameters associated with homophily on observed attributes…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-09-01 Luis E. Candelaria

We propose a semiparametric model for dyadic link formations in directed networks. The model contains a set of degree parameters that measure different effects of popularity or outgoingness across nodes, a regression parameter vector that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Lianqiang Qu , Lu Chen , Ting Yan , Yuguo Chen

Homophily based on observables is widespread in networks. Therefore, homophily based on unobservables (fixed effects) is also likely to be an important determinant of the interaction outcomes. Failing to properly account for latent…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-09 Andrei Zeleneev

Networks are often characterized by node heterogeneity for which nodes exhibit different degrees of interaction and link homophily for which nodes sharing common features tend to associate with each other. In this paper, we propose a new…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-13 Ting Yan , Binyan Jiang , Stephen E. Fienberg , Chenlei Leng

Continuous time network data have been successfully modeled by multivariate counting processes, in which the intensity function is characterized by covariate information. However, degree heterogeneity has not been incorporated into the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-12 Yuguo Chen , Lianqiang Qu , Jinfeng Xu , Ting Yan , Yunpeng Zhou

Temporal dynamics, characterised by time-varying degree heterogeneity and homophily effects, are often exhibited in many real-world networks. As observed in an MIT Social Evolution study, the in-degree and out-degree of the nodes show…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Yuguo Chen , Lianqiang Qu , Jinfeng Xu , Ting Yan , Yunpeng Zhou

While uncertainty estimation for graphs recently gained traction, most methods rely on homophily and deteriorate in heterophilic settings. We address this by analyzing message passing neural networks from an information-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dominik Fuchsgruber , Tom Wollschläger , Johannes Bordne , Stephan Günnemann

We propose a novel measure of degree heterogeneity, for unweighted and undirected complex networks, which requires only the degree distribution of the network for its computation. We show that the proposed measure can be applied to all…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-03 Rinku Jacob , K. P. Harikrishnan , R. Misra , G. Ambika

Probability models on graphs are becoming increasingly important in many applications, but statistical tools for fitting such models are not yet well developed. Here we propose a general method of moments approach that can be used to fit a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-24 Peter J. Bickel , Aiyou Chen , Elizaveta Levina

Dynamic network data analysis requires joint modelling individual snapshots and time dynamics. This paper proposes a new two-way heterogeneity model towards this goal. The new model equips each node of the network with two heterogeneity…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-15 Binyan Jiang , Chenlei Leng , Ting Yan , Qiwei Yao , Xinyang Yu

This paper develops a method to conduct causal inference in the presence of unobserved confounders by leveraging networks with homophily, a frequently observed tendency to form edges with similar nodes. I introduce a concept of asymptotic…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-04 Vincent Starck

In random graph models, the degree distribution of an individual node should be distinguished from the (empirical) degree distribution of the graph that records the fractions of nodes with given degree. We introduce a general framework to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Siddharth Pal , Armand M. Makowski

This paper presents a novel application of graph neural networks for modeling and estimating network heterogeneity. Network heterogeneity is characterized by variations in unit's decisions or outcomes that depend not only on its own…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-30 Yike Wang , Chris Gu , Taisuke Otsu

The $p_0$ model is an exponential random graph model for directed networks with the bi-degree sequence as the exclusively sufficient statistic. It captures the network feature of degree heterogeneity. The consistency and asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Qiuping Wang , Xiao Zhang , Jing Luo , Yang Ouyang , Qian Wang

We propose employing a high-dimensional generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, regularized for dimension reduction and subsequently debiased to correct for shrinkage bias (referred to as a debiased-regularized estimator), for…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-03 Victor Chernozhukov , Chen Huang , Weining Wang

We consider an index model of dyadic link formation with a homophily effect index and a degree heterogeneity index. We provide nonparametric identification results in a single large network setting for the potentially nonparametric…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-05-16 Wayne Yuan Gao

Network data is prevalent in many contemporary big data applications in which a common interest is to unveil important latent links between different pairs of nodes. Yet a simple fundamental question of how to precisely quantify the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-31 Jianqing Fan , Yingying Fan , Xiao Han , Jinchi Lv

We consider a dynamic network of individuals that may hold one of two different opinions in a two-party society. As a dynamical model, agents can endlessly create and delete links to satisfy a preferred degree, and the network is shaped by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-26 Xiang Li , Mauro Mobilia , Alastair M. Rucklidge , R. K. P. Zia
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