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Generating explanation to explain its behavior is an essential capability for a robotic teammate. Explanations help human partners better understand the situation and maintain trust of their teammates. Prior work on robot generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Yu Zhang , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Prompt-based continual learning provides a rehearsal-free solution by tuning small sets of parameters while keeping pre-trained models frozen. To meet the complex demands of sequential tasks, it is crucial to integrate task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Kiseong Hong , Gyeong-hyeon Kim , Eunwoo Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Existing literature in Continual Learning (CL) has focused on overcoming catastrophic forgetting, the inability of the learner to recall how to perform tasks observed in the past. There are however other desirable properties of a CL system,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Tom Veniat , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Why do Vision Language Models (VLMs), despite success on standard benchmarks, often fail to match human performance on surprisingly simple visual reasoning tasks? While the underlying computational principles are still debated, we…

We present a general framework for training deep neural networks without backpropagation. This substantially decreases training time and also allows for construction of deep networks with many sorts of learners, including networks whose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-09 Chris Hettinger , Tanner Christensen , Ben Ehlert , Jeffrey Humpherys , Tyler Jarvis , Sean Wade

Autoregressive vision-language models (VLMs) can handle many tasks within a single model, yet the representations that enable this capability remain opaque. We find that VLMs align conceptually equivalent inputs into a shared task vector,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Grace Luo , Trevor Darrell , Amir Bar

Visual question answering (VQA) is an interesting learning setting for evaluating the abilities and shortcomings of current systems for image understanding. Many of the recently proposed VQA systems include attention or memory mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Allan Jabri , Armand Joulin , Laurens van der Maaten

We propose a general framework called Text Modular Networks(TMNs) for building interpretable systems that learn to solve complex tasks by decomposing them into simpler ones solvable by existing models. To ensure solvability of simpler…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tushar Khot , Daniel Khashabi , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

We describe a question answering model that applies to both images and structured knowledge bases. The model uses natural language strings to automatically assemble neural networks from a collection of composable modules. Parameters for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Jacob Andreas , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell , Dan Klein

Reasoning is a fundamental capability for solving complex multi-step problems, particularly in visual contexts where sequential step-wise understanding is essential. Existing approaches lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating visual…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

The increasing impact of black box models, and particularly of unsupervised ones, comes with an increasing interest in tools to understand and interpret them. In this paper, we consider in particular how to characterise visual groupings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Iro Laina , Ruth C. Fong , Andrea Vedaldi

Recent work has shown that memory modules are crucial for the generalization ability of neural networks on learning simple algorithms. However, we still have little understanding of the working mechanism of memory modules. To alleviate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Kexin Wang , Yu Zhou , Shaonan Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

The task of Visual Commonsense Reasoning is extremely challenging in the sense that the model has to not only be able to answer a question given an image, but also be able to learn to reason. The baselines introduced in this task are quite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Hammad A. Ayyubi , Md. Mehrab Tanjim , David J. Kriegman

Interpretability and explainability of deep neural networks are challenging due to their scale, complexity, and the agreeable notions on which the explaining process rests. Previous work, in particular, has focused on representing internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Quan Tran , Nhan Dam , Tuan Lai , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Le , Nham Le , Dinh Phung

Recent progress in multimodal large language models has led to strong performance on reasoning tasks, but these improvements largely rely on high-quality annotated data or teacher-model distillation, both of which are costly and difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhengxian Wu , Kai Shi , Chuanrui Zhang , Zirui Liao , Jun Yang , Ni Yang , Qiuying Peng , Luyuan Zhang , Hangrui Xu , Tianhuang Su , Zhenyu Yang , Haonan Lu , Haoqian Wang

We consider the problem of combining machine learning models to perform higher-level cognitive tasks with clear specifications. We propose the novel problem of Visual Discrimination Puzzles (VDP) that requires finding interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Adithya Murali , Atharva Sehgal , Paul Krogmeier , P. Madhusudan

One of the challenges of full autonomy is to have a robot capable of manipulating its current environment to achieve another environment configuration. This paper is a step towards this challenge, focusing on the visual understanding of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Guilherme Maeda , Joni Väätäinen , Hironori Yoshida

Why do thinking language models like DeepSeek R1 outperform their base counterparts? Despite consistent performance gains, it remains unclear to what extent thinking models learn entirely new reasoning capabilities or repurpose pre-existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Constantin Venhoff , Iván Arcuschin , Philip Torr , Arthur Conmy , Neel Nanda