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In this paper we extend temporal difference policy evaluation algorithms to performance criteria that include the variance of the cumulative reward. Such criteria are useful for risk management, and are important in domains such as finance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-10-15 Aviv Tamar , Dotan Di Castro , Shie Mannor

One of the main obstacles to broad application of reinforcement learning methods is the parameter sensitivity of our core learning algorithms. In many large-scale applications, online computation and function approximation represent key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Martha White , Adam White

In this paper we propose several novel distributed gradient-based temporal difference algorithms for multi-agent off-policy learning of linear approximation of the value function in Markov decision processes with strict information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Milos S. Stankovic , Marko Beko , Srdjan S. Stankovic

This paper investigates estimating the variance of a temporal-difference learning agent's update target. Most reinforcement learning methods use an estimate of the value function, which captures how good it is for the agent to be in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Craig Sherstan , Brendan Bennett , Kenny Young , Dylan R. Ashley , Adam White , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton

Policy evaluation in reinforcement learning is often conducted using two-timescale stochastic approximation, which results in various gradient temporal difference methods such as GTD(0), GTD2, and TDC. Here, we provide convergence rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Gal Dalal , Balazs Szorenyi , Gugan Thoppe

In many finite horizon episodic reinforcement learning (RL) settings, it is desirable to optimize for the undiscounted return - in settings like Atari, for instance, the goal is to collect the most points while staying alive in the long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Joshua Romoff , Peter Henderson , Ahmed Touati , Emma Brunskill , Joelle Pineau , Yann Ollivier

The recent emergence of reinforcement learning has created a demand for robust statistical inference methods for the parameter estimates computed using these algorithms. Existing methods for statistical inference in online learning are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-29 Pratik Ramprasad , Yuantong Li , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Will Wei Sun , Guang Cheng

Motivated by the widespread use of temporal-difference (TD-) and Q-learning algorithms in reinforcement learning, this paper studies a class of biased stochastic approximation (SA) procedures under a mild "ergodic-like" assumption on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-02 Gang Wang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Non-Markovian dynamics are commonly found in real-world environments due to long-range dependencies, partial observability, and memory effects. The Bellman equation that is the central pillar of Reinforcement learning (RL) becomes only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zuyuan Zhang , Sizhe Tang , Tian Lan

In this paper, we study the dynamics of temporal difference learning with neural network-based value function approximation over a general state space, namely, \emph{Neural TD learning}. We consider two practically used algorithms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Semih Cayci , Siddhartha Satpathi , Niao He , R. Srikant

Reinforcement learning has been successful across several applications in which agents have to learn to act in environments with sparse feedback. However, despite this empirical success there is still a lack of theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Blake Bordelon , Paul Masset , Henry Kuo , Cengiz Pehlevan

This paper studies the policy mirror descent (PMD) method, which is a general policy optimization framework in reinforcement learning and can cover a wide range of policy gradient methods by specifying difference mirror maps. Existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Wenye Li , Hongxu Chen , Jiacai Liu , Ke Wei

Robot control using reinforcement learning has become popular, but its learning process generally terminates halfway through an episode for safety and time-saving reasons. This study addresses the problem of the most popular exception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Taisuke Kobayashi

Emphatic Temporal Difference (TD) methods are a class of off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods involving the use of followon traces. Despite the theoretical success of emphatic TD methods in addressing the notorious deadly triad of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Shangtong Zhang , Shimon Whiteson

The difficulty of manually specifying reward functions has led to an interest in using linear temporal logic (LTL) to express objectives for reinforcement learning (RL). However, LTL has the downside that it is sensitive to small…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Rajeev Alur , Osbert Bastani , Kishor Jothimurugan , Mateo Perez , Fabio Somenzi , Ashutosh Trivedi

In reinforcement learning (RL), temporal difference (TD) errors are widely adopted for optimizing value and policy functions. However, since the TD error is defined by a bootstrap method, its computation tends to be noisy and destabilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Taisuke Kobayashi

We propose a stochastic approximation (SA) based method with randomization of samples for policy evaluation using the least squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithm. Our proposed scheme is equivalent to running regular temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 L. A. Prashanth , Nathaniel Korda , Rémi Munos

This paper studies the exponential stability of random matrix products driven by a general (possibly unbounded) state space Markov chain. It is a cornerstone in the analysis of stochastic algorithms in machine learning (e.g. for parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-02 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov , Hoi-To Wai

Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DRRL) focuses on designing policies that achieve good performance under model uncertainties. The goal is to maximize the worst-case long-term discounted reward, where the data for RL comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Saptarshi Mandal , Yashaswini Murthy , R. Srikant

We study the policy evaluation problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) over directed communication networks, where agents cooperate with each other to explore an unknown environment and accomplish a specific task. We propose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Haocheng Yang , Shengchao Zhao , Yongchao Liu