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Related papers: Understanding Batch Normalization

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We address the problem of estimating statistics of hidden units in a neural network using a method of analytic moment propagation. These statistics are useful for approximate whitening of the inputs in front of saturating non-linearities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Batch Normalization (BN) and its variants has been extensively studied for neural nets in various computer vision tasks, but relatively little work has been dedicated to studying the effect of BN in continual learning. To that end, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Sungmin Cha , Sungjun Cho , Dasol Hwang , Sunwon Hong , Moontae Lee , Taesup Moon

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is an extremely useful component of modern neural network architectures, enabling optimization using higher learning rates and achieving faster convergence. In this paper, we use mean-field theory to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Mingwei Wei , James Stokes , David J Schwab

Regularization is crucial to the success of many practical deep learning models, in particular in a more often than not scenario where there are only a few to a moderate number of accessible training samples. In addition to weight decay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Che-Wei Huang , Shrikanth S. Narayanan

Recent works (e.g., (Li and Arora, 2020)) suggest that the use of popular normalization schemes (including Batch Normalization) in today's deep learning can move it far from a traditional optimization viewpoint, e.g., use of exponentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu , Sanjeev Arora

A well-known issue of Batch Normalization is its significantly reduced effectiveness in the case of small mini-batch sizes. When a mini-batch contains few examples, the statistics upon which the normalization is defined cannot be reliably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhuliang Yao , Yue Cao , Shuxin Zheng , Gao Huang , Stephen Lin

Batch Normalization is quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep models. However, its effectiveness diminishes when the training minibatches are small, or do not consist of independent samples. We hypothesize that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Sergey Ioffe

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to deep learning owing to sparse, asynchronous and binary event (or spike) driven processing, that can yield huge energy efficiency benefits on neuromorphic hardware.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Youngeun Kim , Priyadarshini Panda

Standard convolutional neural networks(CNNs) require consistent image resolutions in both training and testing phase. However, in practice, testing with smaller image sizes is necessary for fast inference. We show that trivially evaluating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Zhuoran Yu , Aojun Zhou , Yukun Ma , Yudian Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Ping Luo

2D biomedical semantic segmentation is important for robotic vision in surgery. Segmentation methods based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) can out-perform conventional methods in terms of both accuracy and levels of automation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Xiao-Yun Zhou , Guang-Zhong Yang

We present a novel regularization approach to train neural networks that enjoys better generalization and test error than standard stochastic gradient descent. Our approach is based on the principles of cross-validation, where a validation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Simon Jenni , Paolo Favaro

Batch normalization is a key component of most image classification models, but it has many undesirable properties stemming from its dependence on the batch size and interactions between examples. Although recent work has succeeded in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Andrew Brock , Soham De , Samuel L. Smith , Karen Simonyan

Modern deep neural network (DNN) trainings utilize various training techniques, e.g., nonlinear activation functions, batch normalization, skip-connections, etc. Despite their effectiveness, it is still mysterious how they help accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Cheng Chen , Junjie Yang , Yi Zhou

We introduce a new technique for gradient normalization during neural network training. The gradients are rescaled during the backward pass using normalization layers introduced at certain points within the network architecture. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Alejandro Cabana , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

Normalization layers are critical components of modern AI systems, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, etc. Empirically, they are known to stabilize training dynamics and improve generalization ability. However, the underlying theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Khoat Than

Traditional machine learning excels on static benchmarks, but the real world is dynamic and seldom as carefully curated as test sets. Practical applications may generally encounter undesired inputs, are required to deal with novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Roshni . R. Kamath , Rupert Mitchell , Subarnaduti Paul , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mundt

There is a growing concern about applying batch normalization (BN) in adversarial training (AT), especially when the model is trained on both adversarial samples and clean samples (termed Hybrid-AT). With the assumption that adversarial and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chenshuang Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Kang Zhang , Axi Niu , Junmo Kim , In So Kweon

Batch normalization (BN) uniformly shifts and scales the activations based on the statistics of a batch of images. However, the intensity distribution of the background pixels often dominates the BN statistics because the background…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-08 Junfei Xiao , Lequan Yu , Zongwei Zhou , Yutong Bai , Lei Xing , Alan Yuille , Yuyin Zhou

Batch-normalization (BN) layers are thought to be an integrally important layer type in today's state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks for computer vision tasks such as classification and detection. However, BN layers introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Mark D. McDonnell , Hesham Mostafa , Runchun Wang , Andre van Schaik

Batch normalization (BN) is a ubiquitous operation in deep neural networks, primarily used to improve stability and regularization during training. BN centers and scales feature maps using sample means and variances, which are naturally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Sofia Ivolgina , P. Thomas Fletcher , Baba C. Vemuri