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We present a framework for computing approximate mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of continuous-action games. It is a modification of the traditional double oracle algorithm, extended to multiple players and continuous action spaces. Unlike…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

The development of extremum seeking (ES) has progressed, over the past hundred years, from static maps, to finite-dimensional dynamic systems, to networks of static and dynamic agents. Extensions from ODE dynamics to maps and agents that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić , Tamer Başar

We study equilibrium concepts in non-cooperative games under uncertainty where both beliefs and mixed strategies are represented by non-additive measures (capacities). In contrast to the classical Nash framework based on additive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Taras Radul

Nash equilibrium serves as a fundamental mathematical tool in economics and game theory. However, it classically assumes knowledge of player utilities, whereas economics generally regards preferences as more fundamental. To leverage…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ian Gemp , Crystal Qian , Marc Lanctot , Kate Larson

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibria (solution to competition-wise problems, with several controls trying to reach possibly different goals) associated to linear partial differential equations and show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Angel Manuel Ramos

In this paper, a distributed non-model based seeking algorithm which combines the extremum seeking control (ESC) jointly with learning algorithms is proposed to seek a generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) for a class of noncooperative games…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Feng Xiao , Xin Cai , Bo Wei

Multi-leader multi-follower games are a class of hierarchical games in which a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. The resulting equilibrium…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-27 Ankur A. Kulkarni , Uday V. Shanbhag

In Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT), a population reaches a Nash equilibrium when none of the agents can improve its objective by solely changing its strategy on its own. Roughly speaking, this equilibrium is a protection against betrayal.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Alejandro Luque-Cerpa , Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Naranjo

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to machine learning methods for finding Nash equilibria in games with large number of agents. These types of problems are important for the operations research community because of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

Generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) problems are commonly used to model strategic interactions between self-interested agents who are coupled in cost and constraints. Specifically, the variational GNE, a refinement of the GNE, is often…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Florian Dörfler , Heinrich H. Nax , Saverio Bolognani

We consider an N-player hierarchical game in which the i-th player's objective comprises of an expectation-valued term, parametrized by rival decisions, and a hierarchical term. Such a framework allows for capturing a broad range of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Shisheng Cui , Uday V. Shanbhag , Mathias Staudigl

We revisit a formulation technique for inequality constrained optimization problems that has been known for decades: the substitution of squared variables for nonnegative variables. Using this technique, inequality constraints are converted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-07 Lijun Ding , Stephen J. Wright

Game-theoretic techniques and equilibria analysis facilitate the design and verification of competitive systems. While algorithmic complexity of equilibria computation has been extensively studied, practical implementation and application…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos

Training multi-agent systems (MAS) to achieve realistic equilibria gives us a useful tool to understand and model real-world systems. We consider a general sum partially observable Markov game where agents of different types share a single…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Nelson Vadori , Sumitra Ganesh , Prashant Reddy , Manuela Veloso

In dynamic games with shared constraints, Generalized Nash Equilibria (GNE) are often computed using the normalized solution concept, which assumes identical Lagrange multipliers for shared constraints across all players. While widely used,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mark Pustilnik , Francesco Borrelli

We describe a framework for reformulating and solving optimization problems that generalizes the well-known framework originally introduced by Benders. We discuss details of the application of the procedures to several classes of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Suresh Bolusani , Ted K. Ralphs

Nash equilibrium is one of the most influential solution concepts in game theory. With the development of computer science and artificial intelligence, there is an increasing demand on Nash equilibrium computation, especially for Internet…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Hanyu Li , Wenhan Huang , Zhijian Duan , David Henry Mguni , Kun Shao , Jun Wang , Xiaotie Deng

Network games provide a natural machinery to compactly represent strategic interactions among agents whose payoffs exhibit sparsity in their dependence on the actions of others. Besides encoding interaction sparsity, however, real networks…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Kun Jin , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Mingyan Liu

We consider for the first time a stochastic generalized Nash equilibrium problem, i.e., with expected-value cost functions and joint feasibility constraints, under partial-decision information, meaning that the agents communicate only with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-02 Barbara Franci , Sergio Grammatico

To model combinatorial decision problems involving uncertainty and probability, we introduce scenario based stochastic constraint programming. Stochastic constraint programs contain both decision variables, which we can set, and stochastic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-09 S. Armagan Tarim , Suresh Manandhar , Toby Walsh