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The forgotten topological index of a graph $G$, denoted by $F(G)$, is defined as the sum of weights $d(u)^{2}+d(v)^{2}$ over all edges $uv$ of $G$ , where $d(u)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u$. In this paper, we give sharp upper bounds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-05 A. Jahanbani , L. Shahbazi , S. M. Sheikholeslami , R. Rasi , J. Rodriguez

In this paper, we will construct formulas and bounds for Neighborhood Degree-based indices of graphs and describe graphs that attain the bounds. Furthermore, we will establish a lower bound for the spectral radius of any graph.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Sanju Vaidya , Jeff Chang

Let $G=(V(G), E(G))$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. For $k\geq2$ and given any subset $S\subseteq|V(G)|$ with $|S|=k$, if a graph $G$ of order $|V(G)|\geq k+1$ always has a spanning tree $T$ such that $S$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Tingyan Ma , Ligong Wang , Yang Hu

In this paper, we establish a tight sufficient condition for the Hamiltonicity of graphs with large minimum degree in terms of the signless Laplacian spectral radius and characterize all extremal graphs. Moreover, we prove a similar result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Yawen Li , Yao liu , Xing Peng

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a hypergraph on the non-empty finite vertex set $V(\mathcal{H})$ with the hyperedge set $E(\mathcal{H})$, where each hyperedge $e \in E(\mathcal{H})$ is a subset of $V(\mathcal{H})$ with at least two vertices. This…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Abdulkafi Sanad

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and $\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\ldots,\lambda_n$ its eigenvalues. The Estrada index of $G$ is an invariant that is calculated from the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph. In this paper, we present…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Juan L. Aguayo , Juan R. Carmona , Jonnathan Rodríguez

We present new values and bounds on the (normalised) closeness centrality $\bar{\mathsf{C}}_C$ of connected graphs and on its product $\bar{l}\bar{\mathsf{C}}_C$ with the mean distance $\bar{l}$ of these graphs. Our main result presents the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Thomas Britz , Xin Hu , Abdellah Islam , Hopein Christofen Tang

Graph serves as a powerful tool for modeling data that has an underlying structure in non-Euclidean space, by encoding relations as edges and entities as nodes. Despite developments in learning from graph-structured data over the years, one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Tianxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Let $\mathcal{P}_G$ be the family of all topologically mixing, but not exact self-maps of a topological graph $G$. It is proved that the infimum of topological entropies of maps from $\mathcal{P}_G$ is bounded from below by $(\log 3/…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Grzegorz Harańczyk , Dominik Kwietniak , Piotr Oprocha

We study the class of all finite directed graphs up to primitive positive constructability. The resulting order has a unique greatest element, namely the graph $P_1$ with one vertex and no edges. The graph $P_1$ has a unique greatest lower…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Florian Starke , Manuel Bodirsky

We consider the family of graphs whose vertex set is Z^k where two vertices are connected by an edge when their l\infty-distance is 1. We prove the optimal vertex isoperimetric inequality for this family of graphs. That is, given a positive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-21 Ellen Veomett , A. J. Radcliffe

A set of vertices $S$ \emph{resolves} a connected graph $G$ if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in $S$. The \emph{metric dimension} of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-21 Carmen Hernando , Merce Mora , Ignacio M. Pelayo , Carlos Seara , David R. Wood

A graph $G$ consists of two parts, the vertices and edges. The vertices constitute the vertex set $V(G)$ and the edges, the edge set. An edge \( e=xy \), \( ev \)-dominates not only the vertices incident to it but also those adjacent to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Amitariddhi Sinha , Somnath Paul

Bae and Park found an upper bound on the arc index of prime links in terms of the minimal crossing number. In this paper, we extend the definition of the arc presentation to spatial graphs and find an upper bound on the arc index $\alpha…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-23 Minjung Lee , Sungjong No , Seungsang Oh

Erd\H{o}s proved an upper bound on the number of edges in an $n$-vertex non-Hamiltonian graph with given minimum degree and showed sharpness via two members of a particular graph family. F\"{u}redi, Kostochka and Luo showed that these two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Zhanar Berikkyzy , Kirsten Hogenson , Rachel Kirsch , Jessica McDonald

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The essential ideal graph $\mathcal{E}_{R}$ of $R$ is a graph whose vertex set consists of all nonzero proper ideals of \textit{R}. Two vertices $\hat{I}$ and $\hat{J}$ are adjacent if and only if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-04 Jamsheena P , Chithra A

We study upper bounds for the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Steklov problem defined on finite graphs with boundary. For finite graphs with boundary included in a Cayley graph associated to a group of polynomial growth, we give an upper…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-12 Hélène Perrin

The following natural problem was raised independently by Erd\H{o}s-Hajnal and Linial-Rabinovich in the late 80's. How large must the independence number $\alpha(G)$ of a graph $G$ be whose every $m$ vertices contain an independent set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Matija Bucić , Benny Sudakov

In this paper, we study the higher Steklov eigenvalues of graphs on surfaces. We obtain the upper bound of higher Steklov eigenvalues of a finite graph $G$ with boundary $B$ and genus $g$ by using metrical deformation via probability flows.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Xiongfeng Zhan , Zhe You

In this article, we give computable lower bounds for the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue $\sigma_1$ of a compact connected 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold $M$ with several cylindrical boundary components. These estimates show how the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Hélène Perrin