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We propose two Bayesian multinomial-Dirichlet models to predict the final outcome of football (soccer) matches and compare them to three well-known models regarding their predictive power. All the models predicted the full-time results of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-16 Marcio A. Diniz , Rafael Izbicki , Danilo Lopes , Luis Ernesto Salasar

This paper develops several interesting, significant, and interconnected approaches to nonparametric or semi-parametric statistical inferences. The overwhelmingly favoured maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) under parametric model is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-30 Haodi Liang , Jiahua Chen

Probabilistic modeling is an effective tool for evaluating team performance and predicting outcomes in sports. However, an important question that hasn't been fully explored is whether these models can reliably reflect actual performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-18 Sheikh Badar Ud Din Tahir , Leonardo Egidi , Nicola Torelli

ELO rating system is proposed by Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-American physics professor. Originally, it was proposed for the ranking system of chess players, but it was soon adapted to many other zero-sum sports fields like football, baseball,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yuhan Song

Soccer attracts the attention of many researchers and professionals in the sports industry. Therefore, the incorporation of science into the sport is constantly growing, with increasing investments in performance analysis and sports…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Eduardo Alves Baratela , Felipe Jordão Xavier , Thomas Peron , Paulino Ribeiro Villas-Boas , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues

Professional team sports provide an excellent domain for studying the dynamics of social competitions. These games are constructed with simple, well-defined rules and payoffs that admit a high-dimensional set of possible actions and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-06-17 Leto Peel , Aaron Clauset

In this study, we introduce a novel methodological framework called Bayesian Penalized Empirical Likelihood (BPEL), designed to address the computational challenges inherent in empirical likelihood (EL) approaches. Our approach has two…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-04 Jinyuan Chang , Cheng Yong Tang , Yuanzheng Zhu

This article presents a Bayesian implementation of a cumulative probit model to forecast the outcomes of the UEFA Champions League matches. The argument of the normal CDF involves a cut-off point, a home vs away playing effect and the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-02-16 Jean-Louis Foulley

Prediction and modelling of competitive sports outcomes has received much recent attention, especially from the Bayesian statistics and machine learning communities. In the real world setting of outcome prediction, the seminal \'{E}l\H{o}…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-30 Franz J. Király , Zhaozhi Qian

We explore past and recent developments in rare-event probability estimation with a particular focus on a novel Monte Carlo technique Empirical Likelihood Maximization (ELM). This is a versatile method that involves sampling from a sequence…

Computation · Statistics 2013-12-12 A. Huang , Z. I. Botev

In this research, we examine the capabilities of different mathematical models to accurately predict various levels of the English football pyramid. Existing work has largely focused on top-level play in European leagues; however, our work…

In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the prediction of association football. Due to this, several studies have proposed different types of statistical models to predict the outcome of a football match. However, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-11 Roberto Macrì-Demartino , Leonardo Egidi , Nicola Torelli

This paper introduces an innovative application of Large Event Models (LEMs), akin to Large Language Models, to the domain of soccer analytics. By learning the language of soccer - predicting variables for subsequent events rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Tiago Mendes-Neves , Luís Meireles , João Mendes-Moreira

In this paper, a new continuous scoring system for soccer is proposed, based on the proportion of time that a team is winning, losing or tied. Several simulations are made applying this technique to complete seasons of different leagues. As…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-22 Manuel Cruz , Sandra Ramos , Miguel Pinho

We use a simple machine learning model, logistically-weighted regularized linear least squares regression, in order to predict baseball, basketball, football, and hockey games. We do so using only the thirty-year record of which visiting…

Applications · Statistics 2017-05-16 Alexander Dubbs

I describe a planning methodology for domains with uncertainty in the form of external events that are not completely predictable. The events are represented by enabling conditions and probabilities of occurrence. The planner is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Jim S. Blythe

Traditional interpretations of probability, whether frequentist or subjective, make no reference to the concept of energy. In this paper, we propose that assigning hypothetical energy levels to the outcomes of a random variable can yield…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-29 Yair Neuman , Yochai Cohen

This paper presents some useful mathematical results involved in football table prediction. In addition, some empirical results indicate that an alternative methodology for football table prediction may produce high quality forecasts with…

Applications · Statistics 2018-05-24 Kjetil Haugen , Brynjulf Owren

This paper presents an Elo-based rating system for programming contests, specifically Topcoder's Single Round Matches (SRMs). We introduce a logarithmic rank-based performance metric that allows single-round, multi-player contest results to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fred Batty

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the potential of predictive modelling for football injuries. This work was conducted in close collaboration with Tottenham Hotspurs FC (THFC), the PGA European tour and the participation of…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-27 Stylianos Kampakis