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Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu

One of the most promising routes towards scalable quantum computing is a modular approach. We show that distinct surface code patches can be connected in a fault-tolerant manner even in the presence of substantial noise along their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Joshua Ramette , Josiah Sinclair , Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Vladan Vuletić

Quantum Machine Learning has the potential to improve traditional machine learning methods and overcome some of the main limitations imposed by the classical computing paradigm. However, the practical advantages of using quantum resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Antonio Macaluso , Matthias Klusch , Stefano Lodi , Claudio Sartori

Quantum computing is a promising approach of computation that is based on equations from Quantum Mechanics. A simulator for quantum algorithms must be capable of performing heavy mathematical matrix transforms. The design of the simulator…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-02-25 A. S. Tolba , M. Z. Rashad , M. A. El-Dosuky

Quantum computing has become an active research field in recent years, as its applications in fields such as cryptography, optimization, and materials science are promising. Along with these developments, challenges and opportunities exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Neilson Carlos Leite Ramalho , Erico A. da Silva , Higor Amario de Souza , Marcos Lordello Chaim

In order to implement a quantum computing application, problem instances must be encoded into a quantum circuit and then compiled for a specific platform. The lengthy compilation process is a key bottleneck in this workflow, especially for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computing (QC) technologies have reached a second renaissance in the last decade. Some fully programmable QC devices have been built based on superconducting or ion trap technologies. Although different quantum technologies have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Yu Zhang , Haowei Deng , Quanxi Li

Quantum algorithms are getting extremely popular due to their potential to significantly outperform classical algorithms. Yet, applying quantum algorithms to optimization problems meets challenges related to the efficiency of quantum…

Modular architectures are a promising approach to scaling quantum computers beyond the limits of monolithic designs. However, non-local communications between different quantum processors might significantly impact overall system…

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Fault-tolerant quantum computing hinges on efficient logical compilation, in particular, translating high-level circuits into code-compatible implementations. Gate-by-gate compilation often yields deep circuits, requiring significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Alexander Popov , Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Guido Dietl

In the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, finding implementations of quantum algorithms that minimize the number of expensive and error prone multi-qubit gates is vital to ensure computations produce meaningful outputs. Unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-12 Mathias Weiden , Ed Younis , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Costin Iancu

In a conventional circuit for quantum machine learning, the quantum gates used to encode the input parameters and the variational parameters are constructed with a fixed order. The resulting output function, which can be expressed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Nannan Ma , P. Z. Zhao , Jiangbin Gong

We present a systematic study of how quantum circuit design, specifically the depth of the variational ansatz and the choice of quantum feature mapping, affects the performance of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks on a causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Silvie Illésová , Tomasz Rybotycki , Piotr Gawron , Martin Beseda

Achieving practical quantum advantage on fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQC) is fundamentally constrained by the substantial spatial and temporal overheads required to map logical operations onto physical hardware. Existing compilation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Dhanvi Bharadwaj , Siddharth Dangwal , Yuewen Hou , Gokul Subramanian Ravi

Full connectivity of qubits is necessary for most quantum algorithms, which is difficult to directly implement on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum processors. However, inserting swap gate to enable the two-qubit gates between uncoupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Bin-Han Lu , Yu-Chun Wu , Wei-Cheng Kong , Qi Zhou , Guo-Ping Guo

In distributed quantum computing architectures, with the network and communications functionalities provided by the Quantum Internet, remote quantum processing units (QPUs) can communicate and cooperate for executing computational tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Davide Ferrari , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Michele Amoretti , Marcello Caleffi

Modularity Q is an important function for identifying community structure in complex networks. In this paper, we prove that the modularity maximization problem is equivalent to a nonconvex quadratic programming problem. This result provide…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Yanqing Hu , Jinshan Wu , Zengru Di

Quantum computing offers advantages over classical computation, yet the precise features that set the two apart remain unclear. In the standard quantum circuit model, adding a 1-qubit basis-changing gate -- commonly chosen to be the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Wang Fang , Chris Heunen , Robin Kaarsgaard