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Despite the finiteness of stress tensor for a scalar field on the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in the Israel-Hartle-Hawking vacuum, the Tolman temperature in thermal equilibrium is certainly divergent on the horizon due to the…
Using the extended forms of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle from string theory and the quantum gravity theory, we drived Hawking temperature of a Taub-Nut-(A)dS black hole. In spite of their distinctive natures such as asymptotically…
The conventional Tolman temperature based on the assumption of the traceless condition of energy-momentum tensor for matter fields is infinite at the horizon if Hawking radiation is involved. However, we note that the temperature associated…
We use the global embedding of a black hole spacetime into a higher dimensional flat spacetime to define a local temperature for observers in free fall outside a static black hole. The local free-fall temperature remains finite at the event…
It has been suggested by Giddings that the origin of Hawking radiation in black holes is a quantum atmosphere of near-horizon quantum region by investigating both the total emission rate and the stress tensor of Hawking radiation.…
A local Hawking temperature is derived for any future outer trapping horizon in spherical symmetry, using a Hamilton-Jacobi variant of the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling method. It is given by a dynamical surface gravity as defined geometrically.…
We review a recently proposed effective Tolman temperature and present its applications to various gravitational systems. In the Unruh state for the evaporating black holes, the free-fall energy density is found to be negative divergent at…
The $d$-dimensional scalar field action may be reduced, in the background geometry of a black hole, to a 2-dimensional effective action. In the near horizon region, it appears a gravitational anomaly: the energy-momentum tensor of the…
A nontrivial peculiarity of general relativity is that when the horizon region of black holes is rendered harmless, the exterior doubles, resulting in a causally disconnected parallel universe. This intricacy plays a central role in 't…
Hawking radiation is an important quantum phenomenon of black hole, which is closely related to the existence of event horizon of black hole. The cosmological event horizon of de Sitter space is also of the Hawking radiation with thermal…
The double Hawking temperature $T=2T_H$ appears in some approaches to the Hawking radiation, when the radiation is considered in terms of the quantum tunneling. We consider the origin of such temperature for the black hole horizon and also…
Here we analyze the Hawking radiation detected by an inertial observer in an arbitrary position in a Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime, with special emphasis on the asymptotic behavior of the Hawking spectrum as an observer approaches the…
The Unruh temperature calculated from the global embedding of the Schwarzschild AdS spacetime into Minkowski spacetime was identified with the local temperature measured by a free-fall observer; however, it would be imaginary in a certain…
What happens when Alice falls into a black hole? In spite of recent challenges by Almheiri et al. -- the ""firewall" hypothesis -- the consensus on this question tends to remain "nothing special". Here I argue that something rather special…
The Hawking temperature for Schwarzschild black hole $T_H=1/8\pi M$ is singular in the limit of vanishing mass $M\to 0$. However, the Schwarzschild metric itself is regular in this limit, it is reduced to the Minkowski metric and there are…
In this work, we use the generalised Klein-Gordon Equation in curved spacetime with an electromagnetic field to investigate the tunnelling phenomenon of scalar particles originating from the hot NUT Kerr Newman Kasuya Anti de Sitter (KNKNK…
Recently, Hawking radiation from a Schwarzschild-type black hole via gravitational anomaly at the horizon has been derived by Robinson and Wilczek. Their result shows that, in order to demand general coordinate covariance at the quantum…
An effective black-hole-like horizon occurs, for electromagnetic waves in matter, at a surface of singular electric and magnetic permeabilities. In a physical dispersive medium this horizon disappears for wave numbers with $k>k_c$.…
In a dilaton gravity model, we revisit the calculation of the temperature of an evaporating black hole that is initially formed by a shock wave, taking into account the quantum backreaction. Based on the holographic principle, along with…
The Hawking temperature of a Schwarzschild black hole can be heuristically derived by identifying the temperature with the inverse radius of the horizon up to a multiplicative constant. This does not work for more general black holes such…