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Many solid-state quantum platforms do not permit sharp, projective measurements but instead yield continuous voltage or field traces under weak, non-demolition readout. In such systems, standard Bell tests based on dichotomic projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Shalender Singh , Santosh Kumar

In the present paper it is demonstrated that Bell's expression for local hidden variable correlation allows one to derive the quantum correlation. This raises questions about the use of Bell inequalities in experiments. In the paper a CHSH…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-15 J. F Geurdes

Recently, it was demonstrated by Son et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102}, 110404 (2009), that a separable bipartite continuous variable quantum system can violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality via operationally local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Mark S. Williamson , Libby Heaney , Wonmin Son

We show that it is possible to find maximal violations of the CHSH-Bell inequality using only position measurements on a pair of entangled non-relativistic free particles. The device settings required in the CHSH inequality are done by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 J. Kiukas , R. F. Werner

Bell inequalities are an important tool in device-independent quantum information processing because their violation can serve as a certificate of relevant quantum properties. Probably the best known example of a Bell inequality is due to…

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf

Free will (or randomness) has been studied to achieve loophole-free Bell's inequality test and to provide device-independent quantum key distribution security proofs. The required randomness such that a local hidden variable model (LHVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Yifeng Teng , Shenghao Yang , Siwei Wang , Mingfei Zhao

Measurement incompatibility and quantum non-locality are two key features of quantum theory. Violations of Bell inequalities require quantum entanglement and incompatibility of the measurements used by the two parties involved in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Faedi Loulidi , Ion Nechita

Bell's theorem shows that no hidden-variable model can explain the measurement statistics of a quantum system shared between two parties, thus ruling out a classical (local) understanding of nature. In this work we demonstrate that by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Benjamin Morris , Lukas J. Fiderer , Ben Lang , Daniel Goldwater

The existence of incompatible measurements is a fundamental phenomenon having no explanation in classical physics. Intuitively, one considers given measurements to be incompatible within a framework of a physical theory, if their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-27 Teiko Heinosaari , Jukka Kiukas , Daniel Reitzner

We construct a simple algorithm to generate any CHSH type Bell inequality involving a party with two local binary measurements from two CHSH type inequalities without this party. The algorithm readily generalizes to situations, where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yu-Chun Wu , Piotr Badziag , Marek Żukowski

Violation of the CHSH inequality supposedly demonstrates an irreconcilable conflict between quantum mechanics and local, realistic hidden variable theories. We show that the mathematical assumptions underlying the proof of the CHSH…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Andrea Aiello

In the present paper it is demonstrated that the quantum correlation (2-dim unitary parameter vectors) can be arbitrarily close approximated with a local hidden variables model. Moreover, the CHSH inequality can be violated with the present…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-28 J. F. Geurdes

A correlation inequality is derived from local realism and a supplementary assumption. Unlike Clauser-Horne (CH) inequality [or Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality] which is violated by quantum mechanics by a factor of $\sqrt 2$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ardehali

Many typical Bell experiments can be described as follows. A source repeatedly distributes particles among two spacelike separated observers. Each of them makes a measurement, using an observable randomly chosen out of several possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Michael Epping , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Since the experimental observation of the violation of the Bell-CHSH inequalities, much has been said about the non-local and contextual character of the underlying system. But the hypothesis from which Bell's inequalities are derived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-09 Aldo F. G. Solis-Labastida , Melina Gastelum , Jorge G. Hirsch

Different variants of a Bell inequality, such as CHSH and CH, are known to be equivalent when evaluated on nonsignaling outcome probability distributions. However, in experimental setups, the outcome probability distributions are estimated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Marc-Olivier Renou , Denis Rosset , Anthony Martin , Nicolas Gisin

The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is a constraint that local theories must obey. Quantum Mechanics predicts a violation of this inequality in certain experimental settings. Treatments of this subject frequently make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-21 Peter Bierhorst

Quantum correlations that violate the Bell inequality cannot be explained by any (measurement independent) local hidden variable theory. However, the violation only implies incompatibility of the underlying assumptions of reality, locality,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Gen Kimura , Yugo Susuki , Kei Morisue

Bell's inequality was originally derived under the assumption that experimenters are free to select detector settings independently of any local "hidden variables" that might affect the outcomes of measurements on entangled particles. This…

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