Related papers: Optimal Balancing of Time-Dependent Confounders fo…

The development of coherent missing data models to account for nonmonotone missing at random (MAR) data by inverse probability weighting (IPW) remains to date largely unresolved. As a consequence, IPW has essentially been restricted for use…

The population-attributable fraction (PAF) expresses the proportion of events that can be ascribed to a certain exposure in a certain population. It can be strongly time-dependent because either exposure incidence or excess risk may change…

The growing availability of large health databases has expanded the use of observational studies for comparative effectiveness research. Unlike randomized trials, observational studies must adjust for systematic differences in patient…

In observational studies, propensity scores are commonly estimated by maxi- mum likelihood but may fail to balance high-dimensional pre-treatment covariates even after specification search. We introduce a general framework that unifies and…

The marginal structure quantile model (MSQM) provides a unique lens to understand the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on the full distribution of potential outcomes. Under the semiparametric framework, we derive the efficiency…

A method is developed to numerically solve chance constrained optimal control problems. The chance constraints are reformulated as nonlinear constraints that retain the probability properties of the original constraint. The reformulation…

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is a noninvasive way to measure stiffness of soft tissue for medical diagnosis. In SWE imaging, an acoustic radiation force induces tissue displacement, which creates shear waves (SWs) that travel…

Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is widely used in many areas when data are subject to unrepresentativeness, missingness, or selection bias. An inevitable challenge with the use of IPW is that the IPW estimator can be remarkably unstable…

We address covariance estimation in the sense of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) for Gaussian samples. Specifically, we consider shrinkage methods which are suitable for high dimensional problems with a small number of samples (large p…

Matching on covariates is a well-established framework for estimating causal effects in observational studies. The principal challenge stems from the often high-dimensional structure of the problem. Many methods have been introduced to…

Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is an important local technique for exploring spatial heterogeneity in data relationships, as well as temporal dependence due to its high fitting capacity when it comes to real…

Non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation encompasses a group of classic methods to estimate distribution-associated functions from potentially censored and truncated data, with extensive applications in survival analysis. These methods,…

Keyword Spotting (KWS) plays a vital role in human-computer interaction for smart on-device terminals and service robots. It remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy for KWS task. In this paper,…

Covariate adjustment is desired by both practitioners and regulators of randomized clinical trials because it improves precision for estimating treatment effects. However, covariate adjustment presents a particular challenge in…

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum test (MWWRST) is a widely used method for comparing two treatment groups in randomized control trials, particularly when dealing with highly skewed data. However, when applied to observational study data,…

Max weighted queue (MWQ) control policy is a widely used cross-layer control policy that achieves queue stability and a reasonable delay performance. In most of the existing literature, it is assumed that optimal MWQ policy can be obtained…

This work aims at solving the problems with intractable sparsity-inducing norms that are often encountered in various machine learning tasks, such as multi-task learning, subspace clustering, feature selection, robust principal component…

Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a popular approach to study the effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. A challenge in MR is that each genetic variant explains a relatively…

In response to the U.S.\ Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Project Optimus, a paradigm shift is underway in the design of early-phase oncology trials. To accelerate drug development, seamless Phase I/II designs have gained increasing…

We study treatment effect estimation with functional treatments where the average potential outcome functional is a function of functions, in contrast to continuous treatment effect estimation where the target is a function of real numbers.…