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Many deep learning-based speech enhancement algorithms are designed to minimize the mean-square error (MSE) in some transform domain between a predicted and a target speech signal. However, optimizing for MSE does not necessarily guarantee…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Morten Kolbæk , Zheng-Hua Tan , Søren Holdt Jensen , Jesper Jensen

Mean square error (MSE) has been the preferred choice as loss function in the current deep neural network (DNN) based speech separation techniques. In this paper, we propose a new cost function with the aim of optimizing the extended short…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Gaurav Naithani , Joonas Nikunen , Lars Bramsløw , Tuomas Virtanen

The performance of single channel source separation algorithms has improved greatly in recent times with the development and deployment of neural networks. However, many such networks continue to operate on the magnitude spectrogram of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-08 Shrikant Venkataramani , Paris Smaragdis

The mean squared error (MSE) is a ubiquitous loss function for speech enhancement, but its problem is that the error cannot reflect the auditory perception quality. This is because MSE causes models to over-emphasize low-frequency…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zixuan Li , Xueliang Zhang , Changjiang Zhao , Shuai Gao , Lei Miao , Zhipeng Yan , Ying Sun , Chong Zhu

Many state-of-the-art neural network-based source separation systems use the averaged Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SDR) as a training objective function. The basic SDR is, however, undefined if the network reconstructs the reference signal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Thilo von Neumann , Keisuke Kinoshita , Christoph Boeddeker , Marc Delcroix , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

We investigate which loss functions provide better separations via benchmarking an extensive set of those for music source separation. To that end, we first survey the most representative audio source separation losses we identified, to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Enric Gusó , Jordi Pons , Santiago Pascual , Joan Serrà

Evaluation of musical source separation (MSS) has traditionally relied on Blind Source Separation Evaluation (BSS-Eval) metrics. However, recent work suggests that BSS-Eval metrics exhibit low correlation between metrics and perceptual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Paul A. Bereuter , Alois Sontacchi

Although supervised learning based on a deep neural network has recently achieved substantial improvement on speech enhancement, the existing schemes have either of two critical issues: spectrum or metric mismatches. The spectrum mismatch…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jaeyoung Kim , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee

For voice communication, it is important to extract the speech from its noisy version without introducing unnaturally artificial noise. By studying the subband mean-squared error (MSE) of the speech for unsupervised speech enhancement…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Andong Li , Chengshi Zheng , Xiaodong Li

Recent work in the domain of speech enhancement has explored the use of self-supervised speech representations to aid in the training of neural speech enhancement models. However, much of this work focuses on using the deepest or final…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-27 George Close , William Ravenscroft , Thomas Hain , Stefan Goetze

Usually, hearing impaired people use hearing aids which are implemented with speech enhancement algorithms. Estimation of speech and estimation of nose are the components in single channel speech enhancement system. The main objective of…

Sound · Computer Science 2014-11-10 M. Ravichandra Kumar , B. Ravi Teja

Traditional Blind Source Separation Evaluation (BSS-Eval) metrics were originally designed to evaluate linear audio source separation models based on methods such as time-frequency masking. However, recent generative models may introduce…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Paul A. Bereuter , Benjamin Stahl , Mark D. Plumbley , Alois Sontacchi

Music source separation aims to extract individual sound sources (e.g., vocals, drums, guitar) from a mixed music recording. However, evaluating the quality of separated audio remains challenging, as commonly used metrics like the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Noah Jaffe , John Ashley Burgoyne

Time-domain training criteria have proven to be very effective for the separation of single-channel non-reverberant speech mixtures. Likewise, mask-based beamforming has shown impressive performance in multi-channel reverberant speech…

Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach provides accurate point estimates, it introduces systematic biases in downstream analyses.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Stef van Buuren

Measuring performance of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system without ground-truth could be beneficial in many scenarios, especially with data from unseen domains, where performance can be highly inconsistent. In conventional ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Ruizhi Li , Gregory Sell , Hynek Hermansky

Speech separation has been successfully applied as a frontend processing module of conversation transcription systems thanks to its ability to handle overlapped speech and its flexibility to combine with downstream tasks such as automatic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-06 Jian Wu , Zhuo Chen , Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Takuya Yoshioka , Naoyuki Kanda , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li

Source separation and other audio applications have traditionally relied on the use of short-time Fourier transforms as a front-end frequency domain representation step. The unavailability of a neural network equivalent to forward and…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Shrikant Venkataramani , Jonah Casebeer , Paris Smaragdis

New bounds on the rate distortion function of certain non-Gaussian sources, with a proportional-weighted mean-square error (MSE) distortion measure, are given. The growth, g, of the rate distortion function, as a result of changing from a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Jacob Binia

Supervised learning based on a deep neural network recently has achieved substantial improvement on speech enhancement. Denoising networks learn mapping from noisy speech to clean one directly, or to a spectrum mask which is the ratio…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Jaeyoung Kim , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee
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