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While Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to train an agent from a reward function in a given environment, Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) seeks to recover the reward function from observing an expert's behavior. It is well known that, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Paul Rolland , Luca Viano , Norman Schuerhoff , Boris Nikolov , Volkan Cevher

One of the major challenges in training deep architectures for predictive tasks is the scarcity and cost of labeled training data. Active Learning (AL) is one way of addressing this challenge. In stream-based AL, observations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Andreas Kvistad , Massimiliano Ruocco , Eliezer de Souza da Silva , Erlend Aune

While large language models excel in diverse domains, their performance on complex longhorizon agentic decision-making tasks remains limited. Most existing methods concentrate on designing effective reward models (RMs) to advance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhicong Lu , Zichuan Lin , Wei Jia , Changyuan Tian , Deheng Ye , Peiguang Li , Li Jin , Nayu Liu , Guangluan Xu , Wei Feng

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is attractive in scenarios where reward engineering can be tedious. However, prior IRL algorithms use on-policy transitions, which require intensive sampling from the current policy for stable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hana Hoshino , Kei Ota , Asako Kanezaki , Rio Yokota

Interactive reinforcement learning can effectively facilitate the agent training via human feedback. However, such methods often require the human teacher to know what is the correct action that the agent should take. In other words, if the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Zhaori Guo , Timothy J. Norman , Enrico H. Gerding

Learning representation has been proven to be helpful in numerous machine learning tasks. The success of the majority of existing representation learning approaches often requires a large amount of consistent and noise-free labels. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Guowei Xu , Wenbiao Ding , Jiliang Tang , Songfan Yang , Gale Yan Huang , Zitao Liu

In machine learning for sequential decision-making, an algorithmic agent learns to interact with an environment while receiving feedback in the form of a reward signal. However, in many unstructured real-world settings, such a reward signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Ellen Novoseller , Vinicius G. Goecks , David Watkins , Josh Miller , Nicholas Waytowich

Learning from rewards (i.e., reinforcement learning or RL) and learning to imitate a teacher (i.e., teacher-student learning) are two established approaches for solving sequential decision-making problems. To combine the benefits of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Idan Shenfeld , Zhang-Wei Hong , Aviv Tamar , Pulkit Agrawal

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework for solving sequential decision-making problems. In this work, we demonstrate that, surprisingly, RL emerges during the inference time of large language models (LLMs), a phenomenon we term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kefan Song , Amir Moeini , Peng Wang , Lei Gong , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang , Yanjun Qi

Crowdsourcing utilizes the wisdom of crowds for collective classification via information (e.g., labels of an item) provided by labelers. Current crowdsourcing algorithms are mainly unsupervised methods that are unaware of the quality of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Pin-Yu Chen , Chia-Wei Lien , Fu-Jen Chu , Pai-Shun Ting , Shin-Ming Cheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

Imitation Learning (IL) is an effective learning paradigm exploiting the interactions between agents and environments. It does not require explicit reward signals and instead tries to recover desired policies using expert demonstrations. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yang Liu , Yongzhe Chang , Shilei Jiang , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang , Bo Yuan

Offline Reinforcement Learning (ORL) offers a robust solution to training agents in applications where interactions with the environment must be strictly limited due to cost, safety, or lack of accurate simulation environments. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Carlo Romeo , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn effective policies from a static dataset without requiring further agent-environment interactions. However, its practical adoption is often hindered by the need for explicit reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Gaurav Chaudhary , Laxmidhar Behera

Effective labeled data collection plays a critical role in developing and fine-tuning robust streaming analytics systems. However, continuously labeling documents to filter relevant information poses significant challenges like limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Rahul Pandey , Ziwei Zhu , Hemant Purohit

Preference-based reinforcement learning has gained prominence as a strategy for training agents in environments where the reward signal is difficult to specify or misaligned with human intent. However, its effectiveness is often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jonathan Erskine , Taku Yamagata , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez

Designing effective reward functions remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), as it often requires extensive human effort and domain expertise. While RL from human feedback has been successful in aligning agents with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Tung Minh Luu , Younghwan Lee , Donghoon Lee , Sunho Kim , Min Jun Kim , Chang D. Yoo

One of the biggest problems in itemset mining is the requirement of developing a data structure or algorithm, every time a user wants to extract a different type of itemsets. To overcome this, we propose a method, called Generic Itemset…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Kazuma Fujioka , Kimiaki Shirahama

This paper explores multiple optimization methods to improve the performance of rating-based reinforcement learning (RbRL). RbRL, a method based on the idea of human ratings, has been developed to infer reward functions in reward-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Evelyn Rose , Devin White , Mingkang Wu , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

We study the problem of generalizing an expert agent's behavior, provided through demonstrations, to new environments and/or additional constraints. Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) offers a promising solution by seeking to recover the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Filippo Lazzati , Alberto Maria Metelli
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