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The advantages for the presence of an XML schema for XML documents are numerous. However, many XML documents in practice are not accompanied by a schema or by a valid schema. Relax NG is a popular and powerful schema language, which…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Chunmei Dong , Yeting Li , Haiming Chen

Inferring an appropriate DTD or XML Schema Definition (XSD) for a given collection of XML documents essentially reduces to learning deterministic regular expressions from sets of positive example words. Unfortunately, there is no algorithm…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-04-15 Geert Jan Bex , Wouter Gelade , Frank Neven , Stijn Vansummeren

Most modern libraries for regular expression matching allow back-references (i.e., repetition operators) that substantially increase expressive power, but also lead to intractability. In order to find a better balance between expressiveness…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Dominik D. Freydenberger , Markus L. Schmid

To address the challenges of reliable statistical inference in high-dimensional models, we introduce the Synthetic-data Regularized Estimator (SRE). Unlike traditional regularization methods, the SRE regularizes the complex target model via…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Weihao Li , Dongming Huang

Regular expressions (regexes) are a powerful mechanism for solving string-matching problems. They are supported by all modern programming languages, and have been estimated to appear in more than a third of Python and JavaScript projects.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Louis G. Michael , James Donohue , James C. Davis , Dongyoon Lee , Francisco Servant

Many data extraction tasks of practical relevance require not only syntactic pattern matching but also semantic reasoning about the content of the underlying text. While regular expressions are very well suited for tasks that require only…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Qiaochu Chen , Arko Banerjee , Çağatay Demiralp , Greg Durrett , Isil Dillig

Regular expressions (regexes) are widely used in different fields of computer science, such as programming languages, string processing, and databases. However, existing tools for synthesizing or repairing regexes always assume that the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Shujun Wang , Yongqiang Tian andDengcheng He

Recommendation systems play a crucial role in various domains, suggesting items based on user behavior.However, the lack of transparency in presenting recommendations can lead to user confusion. In this paper, we introduce Data-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Shen Gao , Yifan Wang , Jiabao Fang , Lisi Chen , Peng Han , Shuo Shang

Recent explainability related studies have shown that state-of-the-art DNNs do not always adopt correct evidences to make decisions. It not only hampers their generalization but also makes them less likely to be trusted by end-users. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Xia Hu

Most scripting languages nowadays use regex pattern-matching libraries. These regex libraries borrow the syntax of regular expressions, but have an informal semantics that is different from the semantics of regular expressions, removing the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Large Language Models (LLMs) depend on high-quality, domain-specific natural language datasets. This dependency is particularly pronounced in Requirements Engineering (RE), where core activities rely on textual artifacts such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Quim Motger , Carlota Catot , Xavier Franch

Regular expressions with backreferences (regex, for short), as supported by most modern libraries for regular expression matching, have an NP-complete matching problem. We define a complexity parameter of regex, called active variable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Markus L. Schmid

Due to the large amount of daily scientific publications, it is impossible to manually review each one. Therefore, an automatic extraction of key information is desirable. In this paper, we examine STEREO, a tool for extracting statistics…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Tobias Kalmbach , Marcel Hoffmann , Nicolas Lell , Ansgar Scherp

This paper introduces a new learning paradigm called eXtreme Regression (XR) whose objective is to accurately predict the numerical degrees of relevance of an extremely large number of labels to a data point. XR can provide elegant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Yashoteja Prabhu , Aditya Kusupati , Nilesh Gupta , Manik Varma

Recent systems for converting natural language descriptions into regular expressions (regexes) have achieved some success, but typically deal with short, formulaic text and can only produce simple regexes. Realworld regexes are complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Xi Ye , Qiaochu Chen , Xinyu Wang , Isil Dillig , Greg Durrett

We study the generalization abilities of language models when translating natural language into formal specifications with complex semantics. In particular, we fine-tune language models on three datasets consisting of English sentences and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Christopher Hahn , Frederik Schmitt , Julia J. Tillman , Niklas Metzger , Julian Siber , Bernd Finkbeiner

We introduce a methodology for designing and training deep neural networks (DNN) that we call "Deep Regression Ensembles" (DRE). It bridges the gap between DNN and two-layer neural networks trained with random feature regression. Each layer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-11 Antoine Didisheim , Bryan Kelly , Semyon Malamud

Composing regexes is a common but challenging engineering activity. Software engineers struggle with regex complexity, leading to defects, performance issues, and security vulnerabilities. Researchers have proposed tools to synthesize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Berk Çakar , Charles M. Sale , Sophie Chen , Dongyoon Lee , James C. Davis

A document spanner models a program for Information Extraction (IE) as a function that takes as input a text document (string over a finite alphabet) and produces a relation of spans (intervals in the document) over a predefined schema. A…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Liat Peterfreund , Balder ten Cate , Ronald Fagin , Benny Kimelfeld

In medical fields, text classification is one of the most important tasks that can significantly reduce human workload through structured information digitization and intelligent decision support. Despite the popularity of learning-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 J Liu , R Bai , Z Lu , P Ge , D Liu , Uwe Aickelin
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