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We present a distributional approach to theoretical analyses of reinforcement learning algorithms for constant step-sizes. We demonstrate its effectiveness by presenting simple and unified proofs of convergence for a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Philip Amortila , Doina Precup , Prakash Panangaden , Marc G. Bellemare

Sample inefficiency is a long-lasting challenge in deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Despite dramatic improvements have been made, the problem is far from being solved and is especially challenging in environments with sparse or delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Federico Malato , Ville Hautamaki

Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) estimate future returns by learning from transitions sampled from a replay buffer. However, the target updates in DQN often rely on next states generated by actions from past, potentially suboptimal, policy. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Lipeng Zu , Hansong Zhou , Xiaonan Zhang

We consider the problem of imitation learning from a finite set of expert trajectories, without access to reinforcement signals. The classical approach of extracting the expert's reward function via inverse reinforcement learning, followed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Ruohan Wang , Carlo Ciliberto , Pierluigi Amadori , Yiannis Demiris

Experience replay enables data-efficient learning from past experiences in online reinforcement learning agents. Traditionally, experiences were sampled uniformly from a replay buffer, regardless of differences in experience-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Leonard S. Pleiss , Tobias Sutter , Maximilian Schiffer

Reinforcement Learning can be applied to various tasks, and environments. Many of these environments have a similar shared structure, which can be exploited to improve RL performance on other tasks. Transfer learning can be used to take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ashrya Agrawal , Priyanshi Shah , Sourabh Prakash

In the last decade, deep learning has achieved great success in machine learning tasks where the input data is represented with different levels of abstractions. Driven by the recent research in reinforcement learning using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Dejan Markovikj

While reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework for learning through trial and error, translating RL algorithms into the real world has remained challenging. A major hurdle to real-world application arises from the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Archit Sharma , Rehaan Ahmad , Chelsea Finn

We present a unifying framework for designing and analysing distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms in terms of recursively estimating statistics of the return distribution. Our key insight is that DRL algorithms can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-22 Mark Rowland , Robert Dadashi , Saurabh Kumar , Rémi Munos , Marc G. Bellemare , Will Dabney

The deep reinforcement learning community has made several independent improvements to the DQN algorithm. However, it is unclear which of these extensions are complementary and can be fruitfully combined. This paper examines six extensions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Matteo Hessel , Joseph Modayil , Hado van Hasselt , Tom Schaul , Georg Ostrovski , Will Dabney , Dan Horgan , Bilal Piot , Mohammad Azar , David Silver

A widely-studied deep reinforcement learning (RL) technique known as Prioritized Experience Replay (PER) allows agents to learn from transitions sampled with non-uniform probability proportional to their temporal-difference (TD) error.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Baturay Saglam , Furkan B. Mutlu , Dogan C. Cicek , Suleyman S. Kozat

The vast majority of Reinforcement Learning methods is largely impacted by the computation effort and data requirements needed to obtain effective estimates of action-value functions, which in turn determine the quality of the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Théo Vincent , Daniel Palenicek , Boris Belousov , Jan Peters , Carlo D'Eramo

Experience replay is an essential component in deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which stores the experiences and generates experiences for the agent to learn in real time. Recently, prioritized experience replay (PER) has been proven to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mengyuan Li , Arman Kazemi , Ann Franchesca Laguna , X. Sharon Hu

In this study, we address the problem of efficient exploration in reinforcement learning. Most common exploration approaches depend on random action selection, however these approaches do not work well in environments with sparse or no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Doğay Kamar , Nazım Kemal Üre , Gözde Ünal

When a game involves many agents or when communication between agents is not possible, it is useful to resort to distributed learning where each agent acts in complete autonomy without any information on the other agents' situations.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Jérôme Taupin , Xavier Leturc , Christophe J. Le Martret

Existing imitation learning approaches often require that the complete demonstration data, including sequences of actions and states, are available. In this paper, we consider a more realistic and difficult scenario where a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xiaoxiao Guo , Shiyu Chang , Mo Yu , Gerald Tesauro , Murray Campbell

The use of past experiences to accelerate temporal difference (TD) learning of value functions, or experience replay, is a key component in deep reinforcement learning. Prioritization or reweighting of important experiences has shown to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Samarth Sinha , Jiaming Song , Animesh Garg , Stefano Ermon

Experience replay, the reuse of past data to improve sample efficiency, is ubiquitous in reinforcement learning. Though a variety of smart sampling schemes have been introduced to improve performance, uniform sampling by far remains the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Parham Mohammad Panahi , Andrew Patterson , Martha White , Adam White

We propose a novel training algorithm for reinforcement learning which combines the strength of deep Q-learning with a constrained optimization approach to tighten optimality and encourage faster reward propagation. Our novel technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Frank S. He , Yang Liu , Alexander G. Schwing , Jian Peng

We study Bayesian learning in episodic, finite-horizon zero-sum Markov games with unknown transition and reward models. We investigate a posterior algorithm in which each player maintains a Bayesian posterior over the game model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chang-Wei Yueh , Andy Zhao , Ashutosh Nayyar , Rahul Jain
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