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We set out to accurately measure gravity in the low-acceleration range $(10^{-11},10^{-9})$ m s$^{-2}$ from 3D motions of isolated wide binary stars. Gaia DR3 provides precise measurements of the four sky-plane components of the 3D relative…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-10 K. -H. Chae , B. -C. Lee , X. Hernandez , V. G. Orlov , D. Lim , D. A. Turnshek , Y. -W. Lee

A gravitational anomaly is found at weak gravitational acceleration $g_{\rm{N}} < 10^{-9}$ m s$^{-2}$ from analyses of the dynamics of wide binary stars selected from the Gaia DR3 database that have accurate distances, proper motions, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-20 Kyu-Hyun Chae

Low-acceleration gravitational anomaly is investigated with a new method of exploiting the normalized velocity profile $\tilde{v}\equiv v_p/v_c$ of wide binary stars as a function of the normalized sky-projected radius $s/r_{\rm{M}}$ where…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-11 Kyu-Hyun Chae

We have carried out a study of the velocity dispersion of the stars in the outskirts of the globular cluster Omega Centauri, finding that the velocity dispersion remains constant at large radii rather than decrease monotonically. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 Riccardo Scarpa , Gianni Marconi , Roberto Gilmozzi

Under Newtonian dynamics, the relative motion of the components of a binary star should follow a Keplerian scaling with separation. Once orientation effects and a distribution of ellipticities are accounted for, dynamical evolution can be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-06-26 X. Hernandez , R. A. M. Cortés , C. Allen , R. Scarpa

The works in this portfolio test the hypothesis that it is not possible to extrapolate the Newtonian inverse square law of gravity from Solar System to galaxy scales. In particular, I look into various tests of Modified Newtonian Dynamics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-26 Indranil Banik

Assuming Newton's gravity and GR to be valid at all scales leads to the dark matter hypothesis as a requirement demanded by the observed dynamics and measured baryonic content at galactic and extragalactic scales. Alternatively, modified…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 X. Hernandez , M. A. Jimenez , C. Allen

Modifications to Newtonian dynamics at low accelerations have long been proposed as an alternative to dark matter to explain galaxy rotation curves. More recently, similar corrections have been invoked to interpret anomalies in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-19 Riccardo Scarpa , Renato Falomo , Aldo Treves

A low acceleration gravitational anomaly was reported for wide binaries: two binary stars which are separated by more than five kilo astronomical units (kau). The increase in gravitational force was reported to be about $1.37$ greater than…

General Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Asher Yahalom

For many classes of astronomical and astrophysical binary systems, long observational records of their radial velocity $V$, which is their directly observable quantity, are available. For exoplanets close to their parent stars, they cover…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-26 Lorenzo Iorio , Matteo Luca Ruggiero

Wide binaries provide promising laboratories for testing general relativity (GR) in the low-acceleration regime. Recent observational studies have found that the difference in the proper motions and/or radial velocities of the components of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 Kareem El-Badry

We propose to determine the stellar velocity dispersions of globular clusters in the outer halo of the Milky Way in order to decide whether the dynamics of the universe on large scales is governed by dark matter or modified Newtonian…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Baumgardt , E. K. Grebel , P. Kroupa

Binary star systems are expected to follow Newtonian dynamics similarly to planetary systems. However, reports have been made of wide binary systems with separations around 0.01 pc and larger, showing potential deviations from standard…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-27 Stephen Cookson

Wide binary stars are important for testing alternative models of gravitation in the weak-field regime and understanding the statistical outcomes of dynamical interactions in the general Galactic field. The Gaia mission's collection of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-28 Valeri V. Makarov

Wide binary stars are within the low-acceleration regime in which galactic rotation curves deviate from Newtonian or general relativistic predictions. It has recently been observed that their rotation rates are similarly anomalous in a way…

General Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 M. E. McCulloch , J. H. Lucio

The {\it Gaia} eDR3 catalogue has recently been used to study statistically the internal kinematics of wide binary populations using relative velocities of the two component stars, $\Delta V$, total binary masses, $m_{B}$, and separations,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 X. Hernandez

Recent studies of wide binary stars based on Gaia DR3 suggest that the relative orbital velocities of objects with separations s > 3'000 astronomical units are statistically larger than the standard Newtonian predictions. Obviously there is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-04 Andre Maeder , Frederic Courbin

As part of an ongoing program to test Newton's law of gravity in the low acceleration regime using globular clusters, we present here new results obtained for NGC 6171. Combining VLT spectra for 107 stars with data from the literature, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Riccardo Scarpa , Gianni Marconi , Roberto Gilmozzi

At it stands, the $\Lambda CDM$ model does not anticipate the early emergence of massive galaxies. Canonical Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) seems to fail at late time solar system scale and Wide-Binary scales. To match data, a MOND…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-12 James C. C. Wong

Recent work by Chae et al. (2026) reported a gravitational anomaly in 36 wide-binary pairs, finding a gravity boost factor of $\gamma \equiv G_{\rm eff}/G_{\rm N} \approx 1.60_{-0.14}^{+0.17}$ at low accelerations, consistent with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-12 Serat M. Saad , Yuan-Sen Ting