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Understanding where Internet services are hosted, and how users reach them, has captured the interest of government regulators and others concerned with the privacy of data flows. In this paper we focus on government websites -- services…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Alisha Ukani , Katherine Izhikevich , Shambhavi Mittal , Manan Patel , Samvrit Srinath , Kristy Ly , kc claffy , Alex C. Snoeren

Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Alexander Darer , Oliver Farnan , Joss Wright

In last few years, the addiction of internet is apparently recognized as the serious threat to the health of society. This internet addiction gives an impetus to pornographic addiction because most of the pornographic content is accessible…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Saurabh Pandey , Harish Sharma

The presence of third-party tracking on websites has become customary. However, our understanding of the third-party ecosystem is still very rudimentary. We examine third-party trackers from a geographical perspective, observing the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Marjan Falahrastegar , Hamed Haddadi , Steve Uhlig , Richard Mortier

This article provides a quantitative analysis of privacy-compromising mechanisms on 1 million popular websites. Findings indicate that nearly 9 in 10 websites leak user data to parties of which the user is likely unaware; more than 6 in 10…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Timothy Libert

Internet censorship impacts large segments of the Internet, but so far, prior work has focused almost exclusively on performing measurements using IPv4. As the Internet grows, and more users connect, IPv6 is increasingly supported and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ian Martiny , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Jack Wampler , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow

Internet censorship limits the access of nodes residing within a specific network environment to the public Internet, and vice versa. During the last decade, techniques for conducting Internet censorship have been developed further.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Steffen Wendzel , Simon Volpert , Sebastian Zillien , Julia Lenz , Philip Rünz , Luca Caviglione

The Internet's importance for promoting free and open communication has led to widespread crackdowns on its use in countries around the world. In this study, we investigate the relationship between national policies around freedom of speech…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Rachee Singh , Hyungjoon Koo , Najmehalsadat Miramirkhani , Fahimeh Mirhaj , Leman Akoglu , Phillipa Gill

Internet censorship measurements rely on lists of websites to be tested, or "block lists" that are curated by third parties. Unfortunately, many of these lists are not public, and those that are tend to focus on a small group of topics,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Austin Hounsel , Prateek Mittal , Nick Feamster

Over the years, with the advancement of technology, Web technology has many improvements. In the early days, the web was one-way communication, and only the customer was able to see the content of the site and could not enter information.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Saeid Ghasemshirazi , Pouya Heydarabadi

The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Demétrio F. Boeira , Eder J. Scheid , Muriel F. Franco , Luciano Zembruzki , Lisandro Z. Granville

In the view of massive content explosion in World Wide Web through diverse sources, it has become mandatory to have content filtering tools. The filtering of contents of the web pages holds greater significance in cases of access by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-02-10 K. S. Kuppusamy , G. Aghila

The internet can be broadly divided into three parts: surface, deep and dark. The dark web has become notorious in the media for being a hidden part of the web where all manner of illegal activities take place. This review investigates how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Abhineet Gupta , Sean B Maynard , Atif Ahmad

Websites employ third-party ads and tracking services leveraging cookies and JavaScript code, to deliver ads and track users' behavior, causing privacy concerns. To limit online tracking and block advertisements, several ad-blocking (black)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Saad Sajid Hashmi , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Censors of the Internet must continually discover and block new circumvention proxy servers. We seek to understand this process; specifically, the length of the delay between when a proxy first becomes discoverable and when it is actually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-21 David Fifield , Lynn Tsai

In a brave new age of global connectivity and e-commerce, interconnections via networks have heightened, creating for both individuals and organizations, a state of complete dependence upon vulnerable systems for storage and transfer of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Amit Kumar , Santosh Malhotra

Government organizations, regulators, consumers, Internet service providers, and application providers alike all have an interest in measuring user Internet "speed". Access speeds have increased by an order of magnitude in past years, with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Nick Feamster , Jason Livingood

We live in a global village where electronic communication has eliminated the geographical barriers of information exchange. The road is now open to worldwide convergence of information interests, shared values, and understanding.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Fariba Karimi , Ludvig Bohlin , Anna Samoilenko , Martin Rosvall , Andrea Lancichinetti

The Global South faces unique challenges in achieving digital inclusion due to a heavy reliance on mobile devices for internet access and the prevalence of slow or unreliable networks. While numerous studies have investigated web…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Masudul Hasan Masud Bhuiyan , Matteo Varvello , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Yasir Zaki

Browsers and their users can be tracked even in the absence of a persistent IP address or cookie. Unique and hence identifying pieces of information, making up what is known as a fingerprint, can be collected from browsers by a visited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah , Wanpeng Li