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Limitations of CAP theorem imply that if availability is desired in the presence of network partitions, one must sacrifice sequential consistency, a consistency model that is more natural for system design. We focus on the problem of what a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Duong Nguyen , Aleksey Charapko , Sandeep Kulkarni , Murat Demirbas

Consistency properties provided by most key-value stores can be classified into sequential consistency and eventual consistency. The former is easier to program with but suffers from lower performance whereas the latter suffers from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Duong Nguyen , Aleksey Charapko , Sandeep S Kulkarni , Murat Demirbas

The CAP Theorem shows that (strong) Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance are impossible to be ensured together. Causal consistency is one of the weak consistency models that can be implemented to ensure availability and…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Rachid Zennou , Ranadeep Biswas , Ahmed Bouajjani , Constantin Enea , Mohammed Erradi

Data replication is essential to ensure reliability, availability and fault-tolerance of massive distributed applications over large scale systems such as the Internet. However, these systems are prone to partitioning, which by Brewer's CAP…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-01-12 Matthieu Perrin , Achour Mostéfaoui , Claude Jard

The CAP theorem asserts a trilemma between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. This paper introduces a rigorous automata-theoretic and economically grounded framework that reframes the CAP trade-off as a constraint…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Craig S Wright

In this paper, we focus on the implementation of distributed programs in using a key-value store where the state of the nodes is stored in a replicated and partitioned data store to improve performance and reliability. Applications of such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Duong Nguyen , Sandeep S. Kulkarni , Ajoy K. Datta

In distributed applications, Brewer's CAP theorem tells us that when networks become partitioned (P), one must give up either consistency (C) or availability (A). Consistency is agreement on the values of shared variables; availability is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Edward A. Lee , Ravi Akella , Soroush Bateni , Shaokai Lin , Marten Lohstroh , Christian Menard

Causal consistency for key-value stores has two main requirements (1) do not make a version visible if some of its dependencies are invisible as it may violate causal consistency in the future and (2) make a version visible as soon as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Mohammad Roohitavaf , Sandeep Kulkarni

The CAP theorem is a fundamental result that applies to distributed storage systems. In this paper, we first present and prove two CAP-like impossibility theorems. To state these theorems, we present probabilistic models to characterize the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Muntasir Raihan Rahman , Lewis Tseng , Son Nguyen , Indranil Gupta , Nitin Vaidya

The temporal assumptions underpinning conventional Identity and Access Management collapse under agentic execution regimes. A sixty-second revocation window permits on the order of $6 \times 10^3$ unauthorized API calls at 100 ops/tick; at…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Vladyslav Parakhin

By the CAP Theorem, a distributed data storage system can ensure either Consistency under Partition (CP) or Availability under Partition (AP), but not both. This has led to a split between CP databases, in which updates are synchronous, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Marc Shapiro , Annette Bieniusa , Nuno Preguiça , Valter Balegas , Christopher Meiklejohn

In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of two approaches, namely self-stabilization and rollback, to handling consistency violating faults (\cvf) that occur when a self-stabilizing distributed graph-based program is executed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Duong Nguyen , Sandeep S. Kulkarni

In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of two approaches, namely self-stabilization and rollback, to handling consistency violation faults (cvf) that occurred when a distributed program is executed on eventually consistent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Duong Nguyen , Sandeep S. Kulkarni

In distributed applications, Brewer's CAP theorem tells us that when networks become partitioned, there is a tradeoff between consistency and availability. Consistency is agreement on the values of shared variables across a system, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Edward A. Lee , Soroush Bateni , Shaokai Lin , Marten Lohstroh , Christian Menard

The CAP Theorem is a frequently cited impossibility result in distributed systems, especially among NoSQL distributed databases. In this paper we survey some of the confusion about the meaning of CAP, including inconsistencies and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Martin Kleppmann

Each application developer desires to provide its users with consistent results and an always-available system despite failures. Boldly, the CALM theorem disagrees. It states that it is hard to design a system that is both consistent and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Junchao Chen , Suyash Gupta , Daniel P. Hughes , Mohammad Sadoghi

The fundamental tension between availability and consistency shapes the design of distributed storage systems. Classical results capture extreme points of this trade-off: the CAP theorem shows that strong models like linearizability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hagit Attiya , Constantin Enea , Enrique Román-Calvo

Counters are an important abstraction in distributed computing, and play a central role in large scale geo-replicated systems, counting events such as web page impressions or social network "likes". Classic distributed counters, strongly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-07-12 Paulo Sérgio Almeida , Carlos Baquero

Various data consistency levels have an important part in the integrity of data and also affect performance especially the data that is replicated many times across or over the cluster. Based on BASE and the theorem of CAP tradeoffs, most…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Nazim Faour

Persistent memory provides high-performance data persistence at main memory. Memory writes need to be performed in strict order to satisfy storage consistency requirements and enable correct recovery from system crashes. Unfortunately,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Youyou Lu , Jiwu Shu , Long Sun , Onur Mutlu
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