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The aim of this work is to present the black hole information problem and discuss the assumptions and hypotheses necessary for its formulation. As the problem arises in the framework of semiclassical gravity, we first review the necessary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-26 Thiago T. Bergamaschi

In any attempt to build a quantum theory of gravity, a central issue is to unravel the structure of space-time at the smallest scale. Of particular relevance is the possible definition of coordinate functions within the theory and the study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alejandro Corichi , Jose A. Zapata

We draw systematic parallels between the measurement problem in quantum mechanics and the information loss problem in black holes. Then we proceed to propose a solution of the former along the lines of the solution of the latter which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Badis Ydri

Thirty years of a deepening information paradox suggest the need to revise our basic physical framework. Multiple indicators point toward reassessment of the principle of locality: lack of a precise definition in quantum gravity, behavior…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Steven B. Giddings

Local information objectivity, that local, independent observers can infer the same information about a model upon exchange of independently acquired experimental data, is fundamental to science. It is mathematically encoded via Cencov's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Per Berglund , Andrew Geraci , Tristan Hubsch , David Mattingly , Djordje Minic

We propose a fundamental duality between the geometric properties of spacetime and the informational content of quantum fields. Specifically, we establish that the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the entanglement entropy of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Florian Neukart

If quantum mechanics governs nature, black holes must evolve unitarily, providing a powerful constraint on the dynamics of quantum gravity. Such evolution apparently must in particular be nonlocal, when described from the usual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-18 Steven B. Giddings

The locality issue of quantum mechanics is a key issue to a proper understanding of quantum physics and beyond. What has been commonly emphasized as quantum nonlocality has received an inspiring examination through the notion of Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Otto C. W. Kong

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information theory, with applications to quantum computing, teleportation, cryptography and communication. In the apparently separate world of quantum gravity, the Hawking effect of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 M. J. Duff

A first-principles approach to the unitarity problem for black holes is systematically explored, based on the postulates of 1) quantum mechanics 2) the ability to approximately locally divide quantum gravitational systems into subsystems 3)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-26 Steven B. Giddings

We review a geometric approach to classification and examination of quantum correlations in composite systems. Since quantum information tasks are usually achieved by manipulating spin and alike systems or, in general, systems with a finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 A. Sawicki , T. Maciążek , M. Oszmaniec , K. Karnas , K. Kowalczyk-Murynka , M. Kuś

Several novel approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem of time by relating it to change. We argue using quantum information theory that the Hamiltonian constraint in quantum gravity cannot probe change, so it cannot be used to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-07 Salman Sajad Wani , James Q. Quach , Mir Faizal , Sebastian Bahamonde , Behnam Pourhassan

Requiring black hole evaporation to be quantum-mechanically coherent imposes a universal, finite ``holographic bound'', conjectured to be due to fundamental discreteness of quantized gravity, on the amount of information carried by any…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Craig J. Hogan

The original purpose of measurements is to provide us with information about a previously unknown physical property of the system observed. In the Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, this physical meaning of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Holger F. Hofmann , Takayoshi Kobayashi , Akira Furusawa

In a variety of physically relevant settings for learning from quantum data, designing protocols that can computationally efficiently extract information remains largely an art, and there are important cases where we believe this to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Sitan Chen , Weiyuan Gong , Jonas Haferkamp , Yihui Quek

The black hole combines in some sense both the ``hydrogen atom'' and the ``black-body radiation'' problems of quantum gravity. This analogy suggests that black-hole quantization may be the key to a quantum theory of gravity. During the last…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Shahar Hod

The literature on quantum-gravity-inspired scenarios for the quantization of spacetime has so far focused on particle-physics-like studies. This is partly justified by the present limitations of our understanding of quantum-gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-17 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia , Niccolo' Loret , Gianluca Mandanici , Flavio Mercati

Using the effective field theory of quantum gravity at second order in curvature, we calculate quantum corrections to the metric of gravastars and the closely related dark energy stars. We find that the quantum corrections in the exterior…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-12 Italo Perrucci , Folkert Kuipers , Roberto Casadio

Standard particle theory is based on quantized matter embedded in a classical geometry. Here, a complementary model is proposed, based on classical matter -- massive bodies, without quantum properties -- embedded in a quantum geometry. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-26 Craig Hogan

An important reason why it is currently difficult to unify relativity theory and quantum theory is the quantum information paradox. The information engulfment pointed out by general relativity violates the principles of quantum mechanics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Yangting Liu