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Gating mechanisms are widely used in neural network models, where they allow gradients to backpropagate more easily through depth or time. However, their saturation property introduces problems of its own. For example, in recurrent models…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Albert Gu , Caglar Gulcehre , Tom Le Paine , Matt Hoffman , Razvan Pascanu

Recursive calls over recursive data are useful for generating probability distributions, and probabilistic programming allows computations over these distributions to be expressed in a modular and intuitive way. Exact inference is also…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-03-28 David Chiang , Colin McDonald , Chung-chieh Shan

Search is a key service within constraint programming systems, and it demands the restoration of previously accessed states during the exploration of a search tree. Restoration proceeds either bottom-up within the tree to roll back…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Yong Lin , Martin Henz

Clocked Type Theory (CloTT) is a type theory for guarded recursion useful for programming with coinductive types, allowing productivity to be encoded in types, and for reasoning about advanced programming language features using an abstract…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Bassel Mannaa , Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg

Several different topoi have played an important role in the development and applications of synthetic guarded domain theory (SGDT), a new kind of synthetic domain theory that abstracts the concept of guarded recursion frequently employed…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Daniele Palombi , Jonathan Sterling

Dependently typed programming languages allow sophisticated properties of data to be expressed within the type system. Of particular use in dependently typed programming are indexed types that refine data by computationally useful…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Robert Atkey , Patricia Johann , Neil Ghani

Type theories with multi-clocked guarded recursion provide a flexible framework for programming with coinductive types encoding productivity in types. Combining this with solutions to general guarded domain equations one can also construct…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg

Models of iterated computation, such as (completely) iterative monads, often depend on a notion of guardedness, which guarantees unique solvability of recursive equations and requires roughly that recursive calls happen only under certain…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Sergey Goncharov , Lutz Schröder , Christoph Rauch , Maciej Piróg

When designing languages for functional reactive programming (FRP) the main challenge is to provide the user with a simple, flexible interface for writing programs on a high level of abstraction while ensuring that all programs can be…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Patrick Bahr , Christian Uldal Graulund , Rasmus Møgelberg

Session types provide guarantees about concurrent behaviour and can be understood through their correspondence with linear logic, with propositions as sessions and proofs as processes. However, a strictly linear setting is somewhat…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Danielle Marshall , Dominic Orchard

Graded type theories are an emerging paradigm for augmenting the reasoning power of types with parameterizable, fine-grained analyses of program properties. There have been many such theories in recent years which equip a type theory with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Benjamin Moon , Harley Eades , Dominic Orchard

Graded monads refine traditional monads using effect annotations in order to describe quantitatively the computational effects that a program can generate. They have been successfully applied to a variety of formal systems for reasoning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Satoshi Kura , Marco Gaboardi , Taro Sekiyama , Hiroshi Unno

We present the topos S of trees as a model of guarded recursion. We study the internal dependently-typed higher-order logic of S and show that S models two modal operators, on predicates and types, which serve as guards in recursive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Lars Birkedal , Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg , Jan Schwinghammer , Kristian Støvring

This article presents resource-guided synthesis, a technique for synthesizing recursive programs that satisfy both a functional specification and a symbolic resource bound. The technique is type-directed and rests upon a novel type system…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Tristan Knoth , Di Wang , Nadia Polikarpova , Jan Hoffmann

Clocked Type Theory (CloTT) is a type theory for guarded recursion useful for programming with coinductive types, allowing productivity to be encoded in types, and for reasoning about advanced programming language features using an abstract…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bassel Mannaa , Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg , Niccolò Veltri

Successful recurrent models such as long short-term memories (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) use ad hoc gating mechanisms. Empirically these models have been found to improve the learning of medium to long term temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Corentin Tallec , Yann Ollivier

In sequential functional languages, sized types enable termination checking of programs with complex patterns of recursion in the presence of mixed inductive-coinductive types. In this paper, we adapt sized types and their metatheory to the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Siva Somayyajula , Frank Pfenning

Graded type systems, such as the one underlying the Granule programming language, allow various different properties of a program's behaviour to be tracked via annotating types with additional information, which we call grades. One example…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Danielle Marshall , Dominic Orchard

We introduce MTT, a dependent type theory which supports multiple modalities. MTT is parametrized by a mode theory which specifies a collection of modes, modalities, and transformations between them. We show that different choices of mode…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Daniel Gratzer , G. A. Kavvos , Andreas Nuyts , Lars Birkedal

Notions of guardedness serve to delineate the admissibility of cycles, e.g. in recursion, corecursion, iteration, or tracing. We introduce an abstract notion of guardedness structure on a symmetric monoidal category, along with a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Sergey Goncharov , Lutz Schröder