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This research note identifies a previously overlooked distinction between multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL), and more conventional single-objective reinforcement learning (RL). It has previously been noted that the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Peter Vamplew , Cameron Foale

Reinforcement learning allows solving complex tasks, however, the learning tends to be task-specific and the sample efficiency remains a challenge. We present Plan2Explore, a self-supervised reinforcement learning agent that tackles both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Ramanan Sekar , Oleh Rybkin , Kostas Daniilidis , Pieter Abbeel , Danijar Hafner , Deepak Pathak

Text-based reinforcement learning involves an agent interacting with a fictional environment using observed text and admissible actions in natural language to complete a task. Previous works have shown that agents can succeed in text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mauricio Gruppi , Soham Dan , Keerthiram Murugesan , Subhajit Chaudhury

Continual Learning requires the model to learn from a stream of dynamic, non-stationary data without forgetting previous knowledge. Several approaches have been developed in the literature to tackle the Continual Learning challenge. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Gabriele Merlin , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

We consider a class of reinforcement-learning systems in which the agent follows a behavior policy to explore a discrete state-action space to find an optimal policy while adhering to some restriction on its behavior. Such restriction may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Peter C. Y. Chen

We introduce a two-player model of reinforcement learning with memory. Past actions of an iterated game are stored in a memory and used to determine player's next action. To examine the behaviour of the model some approximate methods are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Adam Lipowski , Krzysztof Gontarek , Marcel Ausloos

Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a strong alternative to solve optimization tasks efficiently. The use of these algorithms highly depends on the feedback signals provided by the environment in charge of informing about how good (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Alain Andres , Esther Villar-Rodriguez , Javier Del Ser

We present the first reinforcement-learning model to self-improve its reward-modulated training implemented through a continuously improving "intuition" neural network. An agent was trained how to play the arcade video game Pong with two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-26 Matt Oberdorfer , Matt Abuzalaf

Within the framework of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Social Learning is a new class of algorithms that enables agents to reshape the reward function of other agents with the goal of promoting cooperation and achieving higher global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Paul Chelarescu

Biological agents have meaningful interactions with their environment despite the absence of immediate reward signals. In such instances, the agent can learn preferred modes of behaviour that lead to predictable states -- necessary for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Noor Sajid , Panagiotis Tigas , Alexey Zakharov , Zafeirios Fountas , Karl Friston

In many real-world scenarios, rewards extrinsic to the agent are extremely sparse, or absent altogether. In such cases, curiosity can serve as an intrinsic reward signal to enable the agent to explore its environment and learn skills that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Deepak Pathak , Pulkit Agrawal , Alexei A. Efros , Trevor Darrell

Humans integrate multiple sensory modalities (e.g. visual and audio) to build a causal understanding of the physical world. In this work, we propose a novel type of intrinsic motivation for Reinforcement Learning (RL) that encourages the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Chuang Gan , Xiaoyu Chen , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Curriculum Learning for Reinforcement Learning is an increasingly popular technique that involves training an agent on a sequence of intermediate tasks, called a Curriculum, to increase the agent's performance and learning speed. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Andrea Bassich , Francesco Foglino , Matteo Leonetti , Daniel Kudenko

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu

Continual RL requires an agent to learn new tasks without forgetting previous ones, while improving on both past and future tasks. The most common approaches use model-free algorithms and replay buffers can help to mitigate catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Luke Yang , Levin Kuhlmann , Gideon Kowadlo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) to cooperate and compete effectively within multi-agent systems (MASs) is a critical step towards more advanced intelligence. While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Zheyue Tan , Xiangmin Yi , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Haojia Hui , Boxun Li , Xinlei Chen , Bo Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Imitation learning is an effective alternative approach to learn a policy when the reward function is sparse. In this paper, we consider a challenging setting where an agent and an expert use different actions from each other. We assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Konrad Zolna , Negar Rostamzadeh , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn , Pedro O. Pinheiro

Reinforcement learning has been widely successful in producing agents capable of playing games at a human level. However, this requires complex reward engineering, and the agent's resulting policy is often unpredictable. Going beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 William Ahlberg , Alessandro Sestini , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Autonomous multiple tasks learning is a fundamental capability to develop versatile artificial agents that can act in complex environments. In real-world scenarios, tasks may be interrelated (or "hierarchical") so that a robot has to first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Vieri Giuliano Santucci , Gianluca Baldassarre , Emilio Cartoni