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The input method is an essential service on every mobile and desktop devices that provides text suggestions. It converts sequential keyboard inputs to the characters in its target language, which is indispensable for Japanese and Chinese…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Jiali Yao , Raphael Shu , Xinjian Li , Katsutoshi Ohtsuki , Hideki Nakayama

Deep embedding learning is expected to learn a metric space in which features have smaller maximal intra-class distance than minimal inter-class distance. In recent years, one research focus is to solve the open-set problem by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Hao Zhu , Yang Yuan , Guosheng Hu , Xiang Wu , Neil Robertson

The proliferation of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) underscores the pressing need for evaluation methods. Existing works primarily rely on external evaluators, focusing on training and prompting strategies. However, a crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Hui Huang , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Muyun Yang , Bing Xu , Tiejun Zhao , Wenpeng Lu

Deep learning models have become an increasingly preferred option for biometric recognition systems, such as speaker recognition. SincNet, a deep neural network architecture, gained popularity in speaker recognition tasks due to its…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Labib Chowdhury , Mustafa Kamal , Najia Hasan , Nabeel Mohammed

Prominently used in support vector machines and logistic regressions, kernel functions (kernels) can implicitly map data points into high dimensional spaces and make it easier to learn complex decision boundaries. In this work, by replacing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yingbo Gao , Christian Herold , Weiyue Wang , Hermann Ney

Diffusion models learn to reverse the progressive noising of a data distribution to create a generative model. However, the desired continuous nature of the noising process can be at odds with discrete data. To deal with this tension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Griffin Floto , Thorsteinn Jonsson , Mihai Nica , Scott Sanner , Eric Zhengyu Zhu

Model compression is essential for serving large deep neural nets on devices with limited resources or applications that require real-time responses. As a case study, a state-of-the-art neural language model usually consists of one or more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Patrick H. Chen , Si Si , Yang Li , Ciprian Chelba , Cho-jui Hsieh

Neural text generation models are likely to suffer from the low-diversity problem. Various decoding strategies and training-based methods have been proposed to promote diversity only by exploiting contextual features, but rarely do they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhixian Yang , Pengxuan Xu , Xiaojun Wan

We provide two characterizations, one axiomatic and the other neuro-computational, of the dependence of choice probabilities on deadlines, within the widely used softmax representation \[ p_{t}\left( a,A\right) =\dfrac{e^{\frac{u\left(…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-01-28 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci , Aldo Rustichini

We study the influence of different activation functions in the output layer of deep neural network models for soft and hard label prediction in the learning with disagreement task. In this task, the goal is to quantify the amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Peyman Hosseini , Mehran Hosseini , Sana Sabah Al-Azzawi , Marcus Liwicki , Ignacio Castro , Matthew Purver

The transformer is a state-of-the-art neural translation model that uses attention to iteratively refine lexical representations with information drawn from the surrounding context. Lexical features are fed into the first layer and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Denis Emelin , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

Softmax loss is arguably one of the most popular losses to train CNN models for image classification. However, recent works have exposed its limitation on feature discriminability. This paper casts a new viewpoint on the weakness of softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Xiaobo Wang , Shifeng Zhang , Zhen Lei , Si Liu , Xiaojie Guo , Stan Z. Li

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant changes to human society. Softmax regression and residual neural networks (ResNet) are two important techniques in deep learning: they not only serve as significant theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zhao Song , Weixin Wang , Junze Yin

Neural collapse (NC) describes the structured geometry that emerges in the features and weights of trained classifiers. Recent theory suggests NC can be suboptimal in deep architectures, attributing this to an explicit low-rank bias from L2…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Connall Garrod , Jonathan P. Keating , Christos Thrampoulidis

Cross-entropy loss together with softmax is arguably one of the most common used supervision components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Despite its simplicity, popularity and excellent performance, the component does not explicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-21 Weiyang Liu , Yandong Wen , Zhiding Yu , Meng Yang

Recently, learning discriminative features to improve the recognition performances gradually becomes the primary goal of deep learning, and numerous remarkable works have emerged. In this paper, we propose a novel yet extremely simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Binghui Chen , Weihong Deng , Haifeng Shen

The problem of rare and unknown words is an important issue that can potentially influence the performance of many NLP systems, including both the traditional count-based and the deep learning models. We propose a novel way to deal with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Caglar Gulcehre , Sungjin Ahn , Ramesh Nallapati , Bowen Zhou , Yoshua Bengio

Intra-class compactness and inter-class separability are crucial indicators to measure the effectiveness of a model to produce discriminative features, where intra-class compactness indicates how close the features with the same label are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Yan Luo , Yongkang Wong , Mohan Kankanhalli , Qi Zhao

Learning distributed representations, or embeddings, that encode the relational similarity patterns among objects is a relevant task in machine learning. A popular method to learn the embedding matrices $X, Y$ is optimizing a loss function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lorenzo Dall'Amico , Enrico Maria Belliardo

Existing language models (LMs) predict tokens with a softmax over a finite vocabulary, which can make it difficult to predict rare tokens or phrases. We introduce NPM, the first nonparametric masked language model that replaces this softmax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sewon Min , Weijia Shi , Mike Lewis , Xilun Chen , Wen-tau Yih , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer