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Related papers: Geometric Understanding of Deep Learning

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Many tasks require mapping continuous input data (e.g. images) to discrete task outputs (e.g. class labels). Yet, how neural networks learn to perform such discrete computations on continuous data manifolds remains poorly understood. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Julian Brandon , Angus Chadwick , Arthur Pellegrino

Deep neural network classifiers partition input space into high confidence regions for each class. The geometry of these class manifolds (CMs) is widely studied and intimately related to model performance; for example, the margin depends on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Stanislav Fort , Ekin Dogus Cubuk , Surya Ganguli , Samuel S. Schoenholz

A fundamental task in data exploration is to extract simplified low dimensional representations that capture intrinsic geometry in data, especially for faithfully visualizing data in two or three dimensions. Common approaches to this task…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Andrés F. Duque , Sacha Morin , Guy Wolf , Kevin R. Moon

Geometric Deep Learning (GDL) unifies a broad class of machine learning techniques from the perspectives of symmetries, offering a framework for introducing problem-specific inductive biases like Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Osvaldo Velarde , Lucas Parra , Paolo Boldi , Hernan Makse

Deep generative models are tremendously successful in learning low-dimensional latent representations that well-describe the data. These representations, however, tend to much distort relationships between points, i.e. pairwise distances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Tao Yang , Georgios Arvanitidis , Dongmei Fu , Xiaogang Li , Søren Hauberg

We show how the success of deep learning could depend not only on mathematics but also on physics: although well-known mathematical theorems guarantee that neural networks can approximate arbitrary functions well, the class of functions of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-09-13 Henry W. Lin , Max Tegmark , David Rolnick

Representations learnt through deep neural networks tend to be highly informative, but opaque in terms of what information they learn to encode. We introduce an approach to probabilistic modelling that learns to represent data with two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-21 Ilya Feige

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful tools capable of approximating any arbitrary mathematical function, but their interpretability remains limited, rendering them as black box models. To address this issue, numerous methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Abhiram Anand Thiruthummal , Eun-jin Kim , Sergiy Shelyag

Deep neural networks are widely used prediction algorithms whose performance often improves as the number of weights increases, leading to over-parametrization. We consider a two-layered neural network whose first layer is frozen while the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Roman Worschech , Bernd Rosenow

Deep learning algorithms are responsible for a technological revolution in a variety of tasks including image recognition or Go playing. Yet, why they work is not understood. Ultimately, they manage to classify data lying in high dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Mario Geiger , Leonardo Petrini , Matthieu Wyart

Our theoretical understanding of deep learning has not kept pace with its empirical success. While network architecture is known to be critical, we do not yet understand its effect on learned representations and network behavior, or how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Andrew M. Saxe , Shagun Sodhani , Sam Lewallen

Deep learning has had tremendous success at learning low-dimensional representations of high-dimensional data. This success would be impossible if there was no hidden low-dimensional structure in data of interest; this existence is posited…

Deep networks for image classification often rely more on texture information than object shape. While efforts have been made to make deep-models shape-aware, it is often difficult to make such models simple, interpretable, or rooted in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Rajhans Singh , Ankita Shukla , Pavan Turaga

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer information technology, the development of artificial intelligence has been accelerating. The traditional geometry recognition technology is relatively backward and the recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Ruiyang Wang , Haonan Wang , Junfeng Sun , Mingjia Zhao , Meng Liu

Multilayered artificial neural networks are becoming a pervasive tool in a host of application fields. At the heart of this deep learning revolution are familiar concepts from applied and computational mathematics; notably, in calculus,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham

In this paper, we study the generalization capabilities of geometric graph neural networks (GNNs). We consider GNNs over a geometric graph constructed from a finite set of randomly sampled points over an embedded manifold with topological…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Zhiyang Wang , Juan Cervino , Alejandro Ribeiro

Objective functions that optimize deep neural networks play a vital role in creating an enhanced feature representation of the input data. Although cross-entropy-based loss formulations have been extensively used in a variety of supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Deen Dayal Mohan , Bhavin Jawade , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraj

Feature extraction - the ability to identify relevant properties of data - is a key factor underlying the success of deep learning. Yet, it has proved difficult to elucidate its nature within existing predictive theories, to the extent that…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-08-29 Andrea Corti , Rosalba Pacelli , Pietro Rotondo , Marco Gherardi

A fundamental problem in manifold learning is to approximate a functional relationship in a data chosen randomly from a probability distribution supported on a low dimensional sub-manifold of a high dimensional ambient Euclidean space. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 H. N. Mhaskar , Ryan O'Dowd

Deep neural networks learn feature representations via complex geometric transformations of the input data manifold. Despite the models' empirical success across domains, our understanding of neural feature representations is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Moritz Hehl , Max von Renesse , Melanie Weber