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Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

The security issues facing quantum key distribution (QKD) are explained, herein focusing on those issues that are cryptographic and information theoretic in nature and not those based on physics. The problem of security criteria is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-25 Horace Yuen

To prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, several assumptions have to be imposed on users' devices. From an experimental point of view, it is preferable that such theoretical requirements are feasible and the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Akihiro Mizutani

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter

Quantum communication protocols can be designed to detect eavesdropping attacks, something that classical technologies are unable to do since classical information can be replicated in a non-destructive manner. Eavesdropping detection is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Santanu Majhi , Debajyoti Bera

In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques…

General Physics · Physics 2021-02-16 Mario Mastriani

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is the only known QKD scheme that can completely overcome the problem of detection side-channel attacks. Yet, despite its practical importance, there is no standard approach…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) represents a relaxation of the security assumptions made in usual quantum key distribution (QKD). As in usual QKD, the security of DIQKD follows from the laws of quantum physics, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-30 Stefano Pironio , Antonio Acin , Nicolas Brunner , Nicolas Gisin , Serge Massar , Valerio Scarani

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) was conjectured to beat the private capacity of a point-to-point QKD link by using single-photon interference in a central measuring station. This remarkable conjecture has recently triggered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Koji Azuma , Hoi-Kwong Lo

A continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol based on squeezed states and heterodyne detection is introduced and shown to attain higher secret key rates over a noisy line than any other one-way Gaussian protocol. This increased…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Raul Garcia-Patron , Nicolas J. Cerf

We discuss the potential of quantum key distribution (QKD) for long distance communication by proposing a new analysis of the errors caused by dark counts. We give sufficient conditions for a considerable improvement of the key generation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. -C. Boileau , J. Batuwantudawe , R. Laflamme

Standard quantum key distribution protocols are provably secure against eavesdropping attacks, if quantum theory is correct. It is theoretically interesting to know if we need to assume the validity of quantum theory to prove the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jonathan Barrett , Lucien Hardy , Adrian Kent

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

We present a composable security proof, valid against arbitrary attacks and including finite-size effects, for a high dimensional time-frequency quantum key distribution (TFQKD) protocol based upon spectrally entangled photons. Previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 Nathan Walk , Jonathan Barrett , Joshua Nunn

In this paper, we show that there are instances where eavesdropping causes noise reduction for a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. To witness these phenomena, we investigate a fault-tolerant six-state QKD protocol over a collective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Hiroo Azuma

We analyze the security of the two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol in reverse reconciliation against general two-mode attacks, which represent all accessible attacks at fixed channel parameters. Rather than against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-09 Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Yijia Zhao , Song Yu , Hong Guo

The laws of quantum mechanics allow unconditionally secure key distribution protocols. Nevertheless, security proofs of traditional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols rely on a crucial assumption, the trustworthiness of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-08 Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

We present a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol combining a continuous but slightly non-Gaussian modulation together with a efficient reverse reconciliation scheme. We establish the security of this protocol against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

We investigate the composable security of unidimensional contin- uous variable quantum key distribution (UCVQKD), which is based on the Gaussian modulation of a single quadrature of the coherent-state of light, aiming to provide a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-08 Qin Liao , Ying Guo , Cailang Xie , Duang Huang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

We investigate two-way and one-way single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols in the presence of loss introduced by the quantum channel. Our analysis is based on a simple precondition for secure QKD in each case. In particular,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marcos Curty , Tobias Moroder
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