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Primordial black holes in the mass range of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors can comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter. Mass and spin measurements from coalescences can be used to distinguish between an astrophysical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , P. Pani , A. Riotto

With nearly a hundred gravitational wave detections, the origin of black hole mergers has become a key question. Here, we focus on understanding the typical galactic environment in which binary black hole mergers arise. To this end, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-28 Rahul Srinivasan , Astrid Lamberts , Marie Anne Bizouard , Tristan Bruel , Simone Mastrogiovanni

The high rate of black hole (BH) mergers detected by LIGO/Virgo opened questions on their astrophysical origin. One possibility is the dynamical channel, in which binary formation and hardening is catalyzed by dynamical encounters in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-10-24 Giacomo Fragione , Bence Kocsis

Next generation ground-based gravitational-wave detectors will observe binary black hole (BBH) mergers up to redshift $z\gtrsim{}10$, probing the evolution of compact binary (CB) mergers across cosmic time. Here, we present a new…

One of the crucial windows for distinguishing astrophysical black holes from primordial black holes is through the redshift evolution of their respective merger rates. The low redshift population of black holes of astrophysical origin is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-21 Suvodip Mukherjee , Joseph Silk

The growing population of binary black holes (BBHs) observed by gravitational wave detectors is a potential Rosetta stone for understanding their formation channels. Here, we use an upgraded version of our semi-analytic codes {\sc…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-02 Michela Mapelli , Yann Bouffanais , Filippo Santoliquido , Manuel Arca Sedda , M. Celeste Artale

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has reported nearly 100 BH-BH mergers. The LVK provides estimates of rates, masses, effective spins, and redshifts for these mergers. Yet, the formation channel(s) of the mergers remains uncertain.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-31 K. Belczynski , Z. Doctor , M. Zevin , A. Olejak , S. Banerjee , D. Chattopadhyay

Gravitational waves from merging binary black holes can be used to shed light on poorly understood aspects of massive binary stellar evolution, such as the evolution of massive stars (including their mass-loss rates), the common envelope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Simon Stevenson , Teagan Clarke

We investigate the joint mass-redshift evolution of the binary black-hole merger rate in the latest Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-4.0. We present and apply a novel non-parametric framework for modeling multi-dimensional,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-01 Rodrigo Tenorio , Alexandre Toubiana , Tristan Bruel , Davide Gerosa , Jonathan R. Gair

The mass and distance of a binary black hole (BBH) are fundamental parameters to measure in gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy. It is well-known that the measurement is affected by cosmological redshift, and recent works also showed that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Xiaoyue Zhang , Xian Chen

Gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole (MBH) mergers will provide a novel way to probe the high-redshift universe and are key to understanding galactic dynamics and evolution. In this work, we analyze MBH mergers, their GW…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-19 Sourabh Magare , Abhinav Roy , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Nishikanta Khandai , R. Srianand

Black holes binaries coming from a distribution of primordial black holes might exhibit a large merger rate up to large redshifts. Using a phenomenological model for the merger rate, we show that changes in its slope, up to redshifts $z\sim…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-13 Vicente Atal , Jose J. Blanco-Pillado , Albert Sanglas , Nikolaos Triantafyllou

We compare the event rate density detected by LIGO to the comoving number density of isolated stellar progenitors and find a range for their formation redshift. Our limit depends on the threshold mass for making the black holes (BHs) but…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-26 Razieh Emami , Abraham Loeb

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe binary-black-hole mergers (BBHs) up to redshift of $\sim 30$. This gives unprecedented access to the formation and evolution of BBHs throughout cosmic history.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Ken K. Y. Ng , Salvatore Vitale , Will M. Farr , Carl L. Rodriguez

We consider the information that can be derived about massive black-hole binary populations and their formation history solely from current and possible future pulsar timing array (PTA) results. We use models of the stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-11 Hannah Middleton , Walter Del Pozzo , Will M. Farr , Alberto Sesana , Alberto Vecchio

The delay time distribution (DTD) of binary black hole (BBH) mergers encodes the evolutionary link between the formation history and gravitational-wave (GW) emission. We present a non-parametric reconstruction of the mass-dependent DTD…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-10 Samsuzzaman Afroz , Navdha , Suvodip Mukherjee

We perform a statistical inference of the astrophysical population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed during the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, including events reported in the GWTC-1 and IAS…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-22 Javier Roulet , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Barak Zackay , Liang Dai , Matias Zaldarriaga

We consider the formation of binary black hole mergers through the evolution of field massive triple stars. In this scenario, favorable conditions for the inspiral of a black hole binary are initiated by its gravitational interaction with a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-31 Fabio Antonini , Silvia Toonen , Adrian S. Hamers

There are few observed high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) that harbor massive black holes, and none are likely to result in a binary black hole (BBH) that merges within a Hubble time; however, we know that massive merging BBHs exist from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Camille Liotine , Michael Zevin , Christopher Berry , Zoheyr Doctor , Vicky Kalogera

The growing number of binary black hole mergers detected through gravitational waves offers unprecedented insight into their underlying population, yet their astrophysical formation channels remain unresolved. We present a new method to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-23 William J. Smith , Krystal Ruiz-Rocha , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Michela Mapelli , Karan Jani