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Form understanding depends on both textual contents and organizational structure. Although modern OCR performs well, it is still challenging to realize general form understanding because forms are commonly used and of various formats. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Zilong Wang , Mingjie Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Ding Liang

Traditional image codecs emphasize signal fidelity and human perception, often at the expense of machine vision tasks. Deep learning methods have demonstrated promising coding performance by utilizing rich semantic embeddings optimized for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sha Guo , Zhuo Chen , Yang Zhao , Ning Zhang , Xiaotong Li , Lingyu Duan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text comprehension, but their ability to process complex, hierarchical tabular data remains underexplored. We present a novel approach to extracting structured data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vikram Aggarwal , Jay Kulkarni , Aditi Mascarenhas , Aakriti Narang , Siddarth Raman , Ajay Shah , Susan Thomas

Measuring the confidence of AI models is critical for safely deploying AI in real-world industrial systems. One important application of confidence measurement is information extraction from scanned documents. However, there exists no…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Bao-Sinh Nguyen , Quang-Bach Tran , Tuan-Anh Nguyen Dang , Duc Nguyen , Hung Le

The rapid increase in unstructured data across various fields has made multi-document comprehension and summarization a critical task. Traditional approaches often fail to capture relevant context, maintain logical consistency, and extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Aditi Godbole , Jabin Geevarghese George , Smita Shandilya

High-quality labeled data is essential for training accurate document conversion models, particularly in domains with complex formats such as tables, formulas, and multi-column text. However, manual annotation is both costly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuan Liu , Zhongyin Zhao , Le Tian , Haicheng Wang , Xubing Ye , Yangxiu You , Zilin Yu , Chuhan Wu , Xiao Zhou , Yang Yu , Jie Zhou

Clustering is a fundamental learning task widely used as a first step in data analysis. For example, biologists use cluster assignments to analyze genome sequences, medical records, or images. Since downstream analysis is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jonathan Svirsky , Ofir Lindenbaum

In the age of information overload, content management for online news articles relies on efficient summarization to enhance accessibility and user engagement. This article addresses the challenge of extractive text summarization by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sajib Biswas , Milon Biswas , Arunima Mandal , Fatema Tabassum Liza , Joy Sarker

Translating renderings (e. g. PDFs, scans) into hierarchical document structures is extensively demanded in the daily routines of many real-world applications. However, a holistic, principled approach to inferring the complete hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Johannes Rausch , Octavio Martinez , Fabian Bissig , Ce Zhang , Stefan Feuerriegel

Legal judgment prediction suffers from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents becomes a challenging task, more so on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

In this paper, we propose the Hierarchical Document Transformer (HDT), a novel sparse Transformer architecture tailored for structured hierarchical documents. Such documents are extremely important in numerous domains, including science,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Haoyu He , Markus Flicke , Jan Buchmann , Iryna Gurevych , Andreas Geiger

Recently, significant progress has been made applying machine learning to the problem of table structure inference and extraction from unstructured documents. However, one of the greatest challenges remains the creation of datasets with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Brandon Smock , Rohith Pesala , Robin Abraham

Document clustering is an unsupervised approach in which a large collection of documents (corpus) is subdivided into smaller, meaningful, identifiable, and verifiable sub-groups (clusters). Meaningful representation of documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-12-08 Muhammad Rafi , Farnaz Amin , Mohammad Shahid Shaikh

The availability of large on-line text corpora provides a natural and promising bridge between the worlds of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). In recent years, the NLP community has been aggressively investigating…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Stephen Soderland , Wendy Lehnert

This paper introduces the Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference (MultiNLI) corpus, a dataset designed for use in the development and evaluation of machine learning models for sentence understanding. In addition to being one of the largest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Adina Williams , Nikita Nangia , Samuel R. Bowman

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have extended their input context length, yet they still struggle with retrieval and reasoning in long-context inputs. Existing methods propose to utilize the prompt strategy and retrieval head…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Han Peng , Jinhao Jiang , Zican Dong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang

In the domain of Document AI, parsing semi-structured image form is a crucial Key Information Extraction (KIE) task. The advent of pre-trained multimodal models significantly empowers Document AI frameworks to extract key information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xianfu Cheng , Hang Zhang , Jian Yang , Xiang Li , Weixiao Zhou , Fei Liu , Kui Wu , Xiangyuan Guan , Tao Sun , Xianjie Wu , Tongliang Li , Zhoujun Li

Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tavish McDonald , Brian Tsan , Amar Saini , Juanita Ordonez , Luis Gutierrez , Phan Nguyen , Blake Mason , Brenda Ng

Extracting information from unstructured text documents is a demanding task, since these documents can have a broad variety of different layouts and a non-trivial reading order, like it is the case for multi-column documents or nested…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Matthias Engelbach , Dennis Klau , Jens Drawehn , Maximilien Kintz

Tables are everywhere, from scientific journals, papers, websites, and newspapers all the way to items we buy at the supermarket. Detecting them is thus of utmost importance to automatically understanding the content of a document. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Mahmoud Kasem , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Alexander Berendeyev , Ebrahem Elkady , Mahmoud Abdalla , Mohamed Mahmoud , Mohamed Hamada , Daniyar Nurseitov , Islam Taj-Eddin