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Multimodal document understanding is a challenging task to process and comprehend large amounts of textual and visual information. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved the performance of this task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xudong Xie , Hao Yan , Liang Yin , Yang Liu , Jing Ding , Minghui Liao , Yuliang Liu , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

Extracting information from documents usually relies on natural language processing methods working on one-dimensional sequences of text. In some cases, for example, for the extraction of key information from semi-structured documents, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Oliver Bensch , Mirela Popa , Constantin Spille

Interpretive scholars generate knowledge from text corpora by manually sampling documents, applying codes, and refining and collating codes into categories until meaningful themes emerge. Given a large corpus, machine learning could help…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Matt-Heun Hong , Lauren A. Marsh , Jessica L. Feuston , Janet Ruppert , Jed R. Brubaker , Danielle Albers Szafir

In recent years, the field of document understanding has progressed a lot. A significant part of this progress has been possible thanks to the use of language models pretrained on large amounts of documents. However, pretraining corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Michał Turski , Tomasz Stanisławek , Karol Kaczmarek , Paweł Dyda , Filip Graliński

The proliferation of complex structured data in hybrid sources, such as PDF documents and web pages, presents unique challenges for current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in providing accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shivani Upadhyay , Messiah Ataey , Syed Shariyar Murtaza , Yifan Nie , Jimmy Lin

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research works on the topic of form understanding in the context of scanned documents. We delve into recent advancements and breakthroughs in the field, highlighting the significance of language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Daniel Eberharter , Zoe Pfister , Adam Jatowt

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly touted as powerful tools for automating scientific information extraction. However, existing methods and tools often struggle with the realities of scientific literature: long-context documents,…

Table extraction from PDF and image documents is a ubiquitous task in the real-world. Perfect extraction quality is difficult to achieve with one single out-of-box model due to (1) the wide variety of table styles, (2) the lack of training…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Nancy Xin Ru Wang , Douglas Burdick , Yunyao Li

Large, pre-trained transformer models like BERT have achieved state-of-the-art results on document understanding tasks, but most implementations can only consider 512 tokens at a time. For many real-world applications, documents can be much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Allison Hegel , Marina Shah , Genevieve Peaslee , Brendan Roof , Emad Elwany

Continuous evolution in modern software often causes documentation, tutorials, and examples to be out of sync with changing interfaces and frameworks. Relying on outdated documentation and examples can lead programs to fail or be less…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam , Spandan Garg , Colin B. Clement , Yevhen Mohylevskyy , Neel Sundaresan

Processing large amounts of data is an essential problem of the big data era. Most of the data exchange is done via direct communication (using APIs) and well-structured file formats (JSON, XML, EDI, etc.), but a significant portion of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Vladimir Bernstein , Andrei Afanassenkov

Representing structured text from complex documents typically calls for different machine learning techniques, such as language models for paragraphs and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for table extraction, which prohibits drawing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Thomas Roland Barillot , Jacob Saks , Polena Lilyanova , Edward Torgas , Yachen Hu , Yuanqing Liu , Varun Balupuri , Paul Gaskell

The exponential growth of textual data has created a crucial need for tools that assist users in extracting meaningful insights. Traditional document summarization approaches often fail to meet individual user requirements and lack…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Samira Ghodratnama , Amin Beheshti , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Large language models (LLMs) have ushered in a new era for processing complex information in various fields, including science. The increasing amount of scientific literature allows these models to acquire and understand scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Huy Quoc To , Ming Liu , Guangyan Huang

Existing machine reading comprehension (MRC) models do not scale effectively to real-world applications like web-level information retrieval and question answering (QA). We argue that this stems from the nature of MRC datasets: most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Xingdi Yuan , Jie Fu , Marc-Alexandre Cote , Yi Tay , Christopher Pal , Adam Trischler

Document retrieval has been extensively studied within the index-retrieve framework for decades, which has withstood the test of time. Unfortunately, such a pipelined framework limits the optimization of the final retrieval quality, because…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Yujia Zhou , Jing Yao , Zhicheng Dou , Ledell Wu , Peitian Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

The task of automatic text summarization produces a concise and fluent text summary while preserving key information and overall meaning. Recent approaches to document-level summarization have seen significant improvements in recent years…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Gonçalo Raposo , Afonso Raposo , Ana Sofia Carmo

Tables organize valuable content in a concise and compact representation. This content is extremely valuable for systems such as search engines, Knowledge Graph's, etc, since they enhance their predictive capabilities. Unfortunately, tables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Ahmed Nassar , Nikolaos Livathinos , Maksym Lysak , Peter Staar

A vital component of trust and transparency in intelligent systems built on machine learning and artificial intelligence is the development of clear, understandable documentation. However, such systems are notorious for their complexity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-18 David Piorkowski , Daniel González , John Richards , Stephanie Houde

Concept maps can be used to concisely represent important information and bring structure into large document collections. Therefore, we study a variant of multi-document summarization that produces summaries in the form of concept maps.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Tobias Falke , Iryna Gurevych