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People often interact repeatedly: with relatives, through file sharing, in politics, etc. Many such interactions are reciprocal: reacting to the actions of the other. In order to facilitate decisions regarding reciprocal interactions, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Gleb Polevoy , Mathijs de Weerdt , Catholijn Jonker

Mutualistic interactions, which are beneficial for both interacting species, are recurrently present in ecosystems. Observations of natural systems showed that, if we draw mutualistic relationships as binary links between species, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-21 Clàudia Payrató Borrás , Laura Hernández , Yamir Moreno

In the study of the evolution of cooperation, many mechanisms have been proposed to help overcome the self-interested cheating that is individually optimal in the Prisoners' Dilemma game. These mechanisms include assortative or networked…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-03 Daniel B. Cooney

Indirect reciprocity is a foundational mechanism of human cooperation. Existing models of indirect reciprocity fail to robustly support social cooperation: image scoring models fail to provide robust incentives, while social standing models…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-10-10 Daniel Clark , Drew Fudenberg , Alexander Wolitzky

Repeated interaction between individuals is the main mechanism for maintaining cooperation in social dilemma situations. Variants of tit-for-tat (repeating the previous action of the opponent) and the win-stay lose-shift strategy are known…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-08 Shoma Tanabe , Naoki Masuda

Directed networks are essential for representing complex systems, capturing the asymmetry of interactions in fields such as neuroscience, transportation, and social networks. Directionality reveals how influence, information, or resources…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-23 Marián Boguñá , M. Ángeles Serrano

Game-theoretical models where the rules of the game and the interaction structure both coevolves with the game dynamics -- multiadaptive games -- capture very flexible situations where cooperation among selfish agents can emerge. In this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-10-10 Sungmin Lee , Petter Holme , Zhi-Xi Wu

Socio-diversity, the variety of human opinions, ideas, behaviors and styles, has profound implications for social systems. While it fuels innovation, productivity, and collective intelligence, it can also complicate communication and erode…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-19 Andrea Musso , Dirk Helbing

Cooperation underlies many aspects of the evolution of human and animal societies, where cooperators produce social goods to benefit others. Explaining the emergence of cooperation among selfish individuals has become a major research…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-10 Yao Meng , Sean P. Cornelius , Yang-Yu Liu , Aming Li

More often than not, bad decisions are bad regardless of where and when they are made. Information sharing might thus be utilized to mitigate them. Here we show that sharing the information about strategy choice between players residing on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-16 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Advances in community detection reveal new insights into multiplex and multilayer networks. Less work, however, investigates the relationship between these communities and outcomes in social systems. We leverage these advances to shed light…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Caleb Pomeroy , Niheer Dasandi , Slava Jankin Mikhaylov

The evolution of cooperation often depends upon population structure, yet nearly all models of cooperation implicitly assume that this structure remains static. This is a simplifying assumption, because most organisms possess genetic traits…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-08-03 Simon T. Powers , Alexandra S. Penn , Richard A. Watson

Indirect reciprocity is a key explanation for the exceptional magnitude of cooperation among humans. This literature suggests that a large proportion of human cooperation is driven by social norms and individuals' incentives to maintain a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-25 Yohsuke Murase , Christian Hilbe

In dyadic models of indirect reciprocity, the receivers' history of giving has a significant impact on the donor's decision. When the interaction involves more than two agents things become more complicated, and in large groups cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-21 Daniele Vilone , Francesca Giardini , Mario Paolucci

Cooperation is a very common, yet not fully-understood phenomenon in natural and human systems. The introduction of a network within the population is known to affect the outcome of cooperative dynamics, allowing for the survival of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-28 Joan T. Matamalas , Julia Poncela-Casasnovas , Sergio Gómez , Alex Arenas

Heterogeneity in individual characteristics and behaviour is a fundamental property of complex dynamical systems. While previous studies on evolutionary dynamics of strategies evolution in various systems have predominantly focused on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-23 Xiaochen Wang

We present a probabilistic generative model and efficient algorithm to model reciprocity in directed networks. Unlike other methods that address this problem such as exponential random graphs, it assigns latent variables as community…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Hadiseh Safdari , Martina Contisciani , Caterina De Bacco

We revisit DeGroot learning to examine the robustness of social learning in dynamic networks -- networks that evolve randomly over time. Dynamics have double-edged effects depending on social structure: while they can foster consensus and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-04 Florian Mudekereza

This is a comment on a recent review article about reputation and reciprocity as mechanisms promoting cooperation. I also discuss the necessary changes for the currently game-theory-based cooperation studies to become a complete theory of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-19 Petter Holme

According to the evolutionary game theory principle, a strategy representing a higher payoff can spread among competitors. But there are cases when a player consistently overestimates or underestimates her own payoff, which undermines…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-06 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen