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Ensemble prediction systems are an invaluable tool for weather forecasting. Practically, ensemble predictions are obtained by running several perturbations of the deterministic control forecast. However, ensemble prediction is associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Rüdiger Brecht , Alex Bihlo

Statistical postprocessing is routinely applied to correct systematic errors of numerical weather prediction models (NWP) and to automatically produce calibrated local forecasts for end-users. Postprocessing is particularly relevant in…

By the end of 2021, the renewable energy share of the global electricity capacity reached 38.3% and the new installations are dominated by wind and solar energy, showing global increases of 12.7% and 18.5%, respectively. However, both wind…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-18 Ágnes Baran , Sándor Baran

Ensemble weather predictions typically show systematic errors that have to be corrected via post-processing. Even state-of-the-art post-processing methods based on neural networks often solely rely on location-specific predictors that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Sebastian Lerch , Kai L. Polsterer

Ensemble forecasting systems have advanced meteorology by providing probabilistic estimates of future states. Nonetheless, systematic biases often persist, making statistical post-processing essential. Traditional parametric post-processing…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-17 Mária Lakatos

Producing high-quality forecasts of key climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation, on subseasonal time scales has long been a gap in operational forecasting. This study explores an application of machine learning (ML) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Elena Orlova , Haokun Liu , Raphael Rossellini , Benjamin A. Cash , Rebecca Willett

To quantify the uncertainty in numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts, ensemble prediction systems are utilized. Although NWP forecasts continuously improve, they suffer from systematic bias and dispersion errors. To obtain well…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-30 Ferdinand Buchner , David Jobst , Annette Möller , Claudia Czado

A promising approach to improve climate-model simulations is to replace traditional subgrid parameterizations based on simplified physical models by machine learning algorithms that are data-driven. However, neural networks (NNs) often lead…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Janni Yuval , Paul A. O'Gorman , Chris N. Hill

Precipitation prediction has undergone a profound transformation. A notable limitation of traditional NWP is the need for extensive statistical post-processing. To address this challenge, neural network-based approaches were developed.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yugong Zeng , Jiayuan Wang , Jonathan Wu

Capturing the uncertainty in probabilistic wind power forecasts is challenging, especially when uncertain input variables, such as the weather, play a role. Since ensemble weather predictions aim to capture the uncertainty in the weather…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-26 Kaleb Phipps , Sebastian Lerch , Maria Andersson , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer , Nicole Ludwig

Nowadays, weather prediction is based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce an ensemble of forecasts. Despite of large improvements over the last few decades, they still tend to exhibit systematic bias and dispersion…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-02 David Jobst , Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather models are now reaching operational-grade performance for some variables, but like traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, they exhibit systematic biases and reliability issues. We test…

Statistical postprocessing techniques are commonly used to improve the skill of ensembles of numerical weather forecasts. This paper considers spatial extensions of the well-established nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR)…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-22 Kira Feldmann , Michael Scheuerer , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Accurate precipitation forecasts have a high socio-economic value due to their role in decision-making in various fields such as transport networks and farming. We propose a global statistical postprocessing method for grid-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-03 Romain Pic , Clément Dombry , Philippe Naveau , Maxime Taillardat

Obtaining a sufficient forecast lead time for local precipitation is essential in preventing hazardous weather events. Global warming-induced climate change increases the challenge of accurately predicting severe precipitation events, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sojung An , Junha Lee , Jiyeon Jang , Inchae Na , Wooyeon Park , Sujeong You

An influential step in weather forecasting was the introduction of ensemble forecasts in operational use due to their capability to account for the uncertainties in the future state of the atmosphere. However, ensemble weather forecasts are…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-25 Mária Lakatos , Sebastian Lerch , Stephan Hemri , Sándor Baran

Modern weather forecast models perform uncertainty quantification using ensemble prediction systems, which collect nonparametric statistics based on multiple perturbed simulations. To provide accurate estimation, dozens of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Peter Grönquist , Tal Ben-Nun , Nikoli Dryden , Peter Dueben , Luca Lavarini , Shigang Li , Torsten Hoefler

Neural weather models have shown immense potential as inexpensive and accurate alternatives to physics-based models. However, most models trained to perform weather forecasting do not quantify the uncertainty associated with their…

The representation of nonlinear sub-grid processes, especially clouds, has been a major source of uncertainty in climate models for decades. Cloud-resolving models better represent many of these processes and can now be run globally but…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Stephan Rasp , Michael S. Pritchard , Pierre Gentine

Reliable forecasts of quasi-stationary, recurrent, and persistent large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (weather regimes) are crucial for various socio-economic sectors. Despite steady progress, probabilistic weather regime…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Fabian Mockert , Christian M. Grams , Sebastian Lerch , Marisol Osman , Julian Quinting